Much Ado About Nothing - the Importance of Noting

centerbDiscuss The Importance Of Noting In Much Ado About Nothing/b/center br brNoting, or observing, is central to many of the ideas in Much Ado About Nothing. The word nothing was pronounced as noting in Elizabethan times, and it seems reasonable to presume that the pun was intended by Shakespeare to signal the importance of observation, spying and eavesdropping in the play. As a plot device, these occurrences propel the action and create humour and tension. The perils of noting incorrectly are portrayed and this leads naturally to the investigation of another major theme, the discrepancy between appearance and reality. Shakespeare uses the problems of illusion, deception and subjectivity of perception to examine the†¦show more content†¦He can not note Heros flesh and blood humanity and, later, he can not note her innocence. His devotion to courtly ideals seems to be the real reason he can not distinguish appearance from reality and Don Johns slander only reinforces his natural misogyny and mistrust. This inability to note things correctly due to d eception helps demonstrate the gap between appearance and reality in Messina society. br brThe subjectivity of perception creates problems in the patriarchal, Messina society. Why are some of the characters in Messina perceptive and others not? It appears that Shakespeare is making a damning observation of Elizabethan society. During the dramatic denunciation scene, only Friar Francis, Beatrice and Benedict correctly perceive Heros innocence. Friar Francis states this clearly: br br...by noting of the lady. brI have marked brA thousand blushing apparitions br...trust not my age, brMy reverence, calling nor divinity, brIf this sweet lady lie not guiltless here, brUnder some biting error br4.1. 150-162 br brLeonato, however, can not perceive the innocence of his own daughter. He immediately sides with Claudio and Don Pedro and notes that they would not lie: br brWould the two princes lie, and Claudio lie, brWho loved her so, that speaking of her foulness, brWashed it with tears? Hence from her, let herShow MoreRelated Much Ado About Nothing - The Importance Of Noting Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pages Discuss The Importance Of Noting In Much Ado About Nothing Noting, or observing, is central to many of the ideas in Much Ado About Nothing. The word nothing was pronounced as noting in Elizabethan times, and it seems reasonable to presume that the pun was intended by Shakespeare to signal the importance of observation, spying and eavesdropping in the play. As a plot device, these occurrences propel the action and create humour and tension. The perils of noting incorrectly are portrayed and thisRead MoreEssay about Much Ado About Nothing: A Comedy with Deep Meaning1270 Words   |  6 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing:   A Comedy with Deep Meaning  Ã‚  Ã‚      Much Ado About Nothing--the title sounds, to a modern ear, offhand and self-effacing; we might expect the play that follows such a beginning to be a marvelous piece of fluff and not much more. However, the play and the title itself are weightier than they initially seem. Shakespeare used two other such titles--Twelfth Night, or What You Will and As You Like It--both of which send unexpected reverberations of meaning throughout theirRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing: How Comedy Is Achieved858 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s famous play, â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†, highlights the conventions of a Shakespearean comedy. Good morning teacher and students, I’m here to talk to you about Shakespeare’s clever comedy achieved by many techniques to amuse his audience. The main purpose of a comedy is to entertain the audience; Shakespeare has effectively achieved this through his ideas and techniques. The play mainly consists of conventional and satirical comedy that stems from the characterization of Dogberry, theRead MoreAn Exploration of the Use Shakespeare Makes of Misunderstanding and Deception in the Play Much Ado About Nothing1470 Words   |  6 PagesAn exploration of the use Shakespeare makes of misunderstanding and deception in the play Much Ado About Nothing Misunderstanding and deception in Much Ado About Nothing are key themes in the play. In Elizabethan times the word â€Å"Nothing† was pronounced â€Å"Noting† and so the title would have given the audience the initial clue that in this play the importance of noting, spying, appearance and eavesdropping will cause trouble throughout. It is important to define the difference between misunderstandingRead More How Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing?1928 Words   |  8 PagesHow Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing? I believe eavesdropping plays a very important role in Much Ado. Therefore, I have chosen to answer this essay question, as I feel strongly about it. In the play, Shakespeare makes use of eavesdropping by using it as a comic device, but also to sort out situations so that the play is able to go on. I will be focussing upon two events in particular to show this. Each event will present a different form of eavesdropping being usedRead More Importance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III2277 Words   |  10 PagesImportance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III Speech is often the strongest indicator of personality and motivation in Shakespearean histories and comedies. Each turn of phrase is a small insight into the essence of the character. Stringing together each line from the mouth of the character allows the audience to discover each nuance created by Shakespeare. By connecting the actions to a manner of speech, which mirrors those actions, ShakespeareRead MoreWomen and the Patriarchal Society in Much Ado About Nothing1413 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and the Patriarchal Society The patriarchal society is a setting of ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ that shows male domination and women suppression. Men like Don Pedro, Benedick and Claudio returns with victory from the battle. It implies the boasted male ego. Male honor serves as a crucial importance to men in the play. Leonato questions the messager that ‘How many gentlemen have you lost in this action?’ It hints that physical strength is a definition of manhood. With Don Pedro, ClaudioRead MoreBenedick’s Change of Heart by the End of Act 2 Scene 3 of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing2295 Words   |  10 PagesShakespeares Much Ado About Nothing ‘Much ado about nothing’ is one of William Shakespeare’s popular comedy plays. With regards to the title of the play, the word ‘nothing’ in the title suggests it links with how characters in the play create so much bother about nothing. Speculation has occurred among people over the word ‘nothing’ in the play’s title. The word ‘nothing’ has a double meaning. Noting and nothing sounded identical in Shakespeare’s time. ‘Noting’ and ‘nothing’Read MoreThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night4384 Words   |  18 PagesThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The title Twelfth Night seems to suggest that Shakespeare, who wrote the play around 1602, wanted it to be performed on the twelfth day after Christmas; the festival of the Epiphany. This day formally marked the end of the Christmas season, which at the time was celebrated as a special festival. In addition to eating, drinking and generally over indulging, the performance of plays wasRead MoreLiterature and South Africa6682 Words   |  27 Pagespoem Mending Wall. As defined by Structuralist, literary codes that matter in our analysis per se are the literary signs, their overdetermination that amount to different meanings systems. Jong (2008: 111) posits â€Å"literary codes contain information about principles of repetition, repetition with variations, opposition and other modes of equivalence in a text.† This means that literary codes in poems, and according to Lotman, are comprised of intratextual code, intertextual code and extratextual code

Argument Paper About Gay Marriage - 2151 Words

Argument paper about Gay Marriage Abstract Marriage: a legally recognized relationship, set up by common or religious function, between two individuals who expect to live respectively as sexual and residential accomplices. Regularly this is between a man and a woman, in incredibly, before their families, to vow to spend whatever remains of their lives together. As times keep on evolving far and wide so has the thought and laws concerning marriage. Marriage is no more pretty much a man and a woman committing themselves to each other forever, it now envelops, gay and lesbians also, as they promise to love, respect, and trust each other all the times of their lives. Same-sex marriage, likewise ordinarily alluded to as Gay marriage, is a fervently issue that partitions an awesome number of individuals all through the world. In this pugnacious exposition, the subject is investigated by three of its fundamental contentions. The principal investigation of this point will include the capacity of same-sex couples to parent as adequate ly as their heterosexual partners. Next, the legitimate issues encompassing same-sex marriage are investigated. Ultimately, the religious contentions are assessed. Both sides of the contention for and against same-sex marriage are talked about while the per user is given an admiration for the position of supporting marriage equality. Same-Sex Marriage Gay marriage is a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the present day world. For as far back asShow MoreRelatedShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized in the United States Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesDebate Paper Should same sex marriage be legalized in the United States? In some of our states laws have already been passed to allow same sex couples the freedom to get married, while other states are still resisting for one reason or another. As with everything else there is more than one side, more than one argument supporting and more than one argument resisting the changes being proposed. There are religious reasons, moral reasons, constitutional reasons and financial reasons being used by bothRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legalized938 Words   |  4 Pages Gay marriage is in fact a controversial topic that many people feel strongly about. I believe that gay marriage should be legalized without being penalized by people who disagree with it. I will, within reason, explain to you why gay marriage should be legalized and argue against Karlee’s essay about why gay marriage shouldn’t be legalized. The first thing Karlee talks about in her opposing essay is, â€Å"Children of same-sex couples, biological or not, need both a mother and a father inRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The legalization of gay marriages is one of the most controversial issues throughout particularly in modern life. This paper, based on secondary research, arguing for legalizing same-sex marriage through specific analysis of its positive influences. In particular, there are two main benefits regarding society as well as economy. The finds of the research indicate that gays or lesbians are completely an important part of society. Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legallyRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized1309 Words   |  6 PagesKaterina Do Dr. Clay ENGL 1302-013 29 September 2015 Issue Proposal I would introduce this issue to an audience explaining that same-sex marriage, also called gay marriage, is a marriage or a civil union between couples of the same sex. I would continue to explain it as a controversial and moral issue discussed worldwide today, due to many gay couples coming out and openly expressing their need for equal rights. I would add onto and explain how supporters of equal rights and those who oppose theRead MoreReaction to Cars Gay Divorce1019 Words   |  4 PagesRe: Reaction to Card’s â€Å"Gay Divorce† Overview The institutional barriers to legally recognizing same-sex marriage engender a sense of injustice and an unethical violation of a Universal Human Right. While author Card does identify these fallacies and states that the law should not determine which adult unions are legitimate, she posits an unsettling alternative. Suggesting that same-sex marriage should not have been a political issue and proposing the abolition of marriage denies the LGBT communityRead MoreThe Right For Same Sex Couples Should Be Protected Under The Constitution1041 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of the Obama administration, the Gay Rights Movement has been a prominent topic in America because of it’s many victories including Congress’ decision to expand the definition of hate crimes to include sexual orientation and the repeal of â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† in 2010. In 2014, the right for same-sex couples to marry became protected under the Constitution, which marked the achievement of the Gay Rights Movement most important goal (Berman, 2014). Still, due toRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists believe that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?935 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lot of controversy about gay marriage and whether or not it should be legalized in certain states that haven t yet legalized it. My opinion on this topic is that it should not be legalized for various reasons. My reasons on this have nothing to do with religion because religion shouldn’t have anything to do with their opinion; religion is a biased opinion because of its authenticity. Another thing that shouldn’t be considered is their opinion that doesn’t have a reasoning behind it likeRead MoreShould Gays Be Allowed to Marry1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Prusuit of Happiness! Should gays be allowed to marry? Stacey Dockery PHI103: Informal Logic (GSJ1231E) Instructor Name: Daniel Beteta September 3, 2012 Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage Marriage: a legally recognized relationship, established by civil or religious ceremony, between two people who intend to live together as sexual and domestic partners. Typically this is between a man and a woman, in love, as they come before their families, to pledge to spend the rest of their lives togetherRead MoreA Closer Look at Same Sex Relationships Essays936 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately same sex couples are being denied these rights in about thirty three U.S states. IV. Today, I am going to illustrate the reasons why same sex marriage should be legal. And why a topic that has been discussed so many a times needs to be addressed holistically so that all of America can enjoy equal liberties. TRANSTION-Opposition nowadays towards same sex marriage is outdated and irrelevant. Body I. People who are against gay marriage typically argue that homosexual couples are unsuitable parents

Rogerian Argument for The Lottery Essay Example For Students

Rogerian Argument for The Lottery Essay Letter from Mrs. Hutchinson to The Council of the Village: I am writing to you about the lottery which we hold every year. In this lottery which a person is chosen at random and is stoned to death. I understand that you believe that since it has been tradition for so long and therefore, it is okay. It has been going on for as long as I can remember. This method has been around since the time when Jesus walked the earth. We see it in all kinds of stories in the Bible. We definitely have to pick somebody in the village for the lottery. We have to have s person that we know or the crops might go bad. The idea of a lottery makes it fair for all those who participate. This way there is no one person that is singled out of the group. It also brings a sense of family values, at least in my family. With all everyone in my family being so busy it is very rare that all the members of my family are together for any reason of the lottery. It is amazing the way that all the families come together in anticipation. In this right, it also gives our village a sense of community and brings us closer together. Everybody knows everybody and the lottery draws us yet closer together. It is very rare to see a whole community come together and I am glad to be part of one that does. Leadership is a quality the men in out village have. The reason they have this quality is due to the men taking charge and picking for their families in the lottery. If the did not pick something could go wrong with the crops. Once the whole lottery is all over the crops will be better off according to the superstition. This helps the village from running out of food, and I do not want to see my family starving to death. Though it is a tradition that has been around for ages, the lottery is just not right. I find it to be quite immoral. By killing mothers and fathers of children, or even worse taking children from their parents in such a horrible way, hurts those that are affected. This breaks up families and hurts all of those in the family that is chosen. If the husband or father of a family is selected, the family is going to be hurt very badly financially. Think of all of your loved ones. The idea of losing a family member to an illness is hard enough, but losing a family member to something that can be totally prevented would hurt worse. Other towns in the area have stopped the lottery. The crops in the other towns have been larger than ours since they have stopped their lotteries. It has been this way because they had more people to do the harvesting. The lottery is out of date and not meant for todays society. Stoning people to death was frowned upon in the past and I believe it should still be that way. Killing people this way also breeds violence in our community. Children collecting rocks in the town square in anticipation of being the one to give the fatal blow to the unlucky person drawn. Guarding their piles of rocks so that they can be the person to throw the most stones. This is so scary to think of innocent children being so cruel. This method of population control just plain hurts. Stoning people to death is cruel and unusual punishment. I believe that compromise is vital to the health of the community. .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .postImageUrl , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:hover , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:visited , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:active { border:0!important; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:active , .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73b4bf1f5a1fd426106c9916b794997f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stuck In The Middle Essay Death is an extremely drastic measure of population control. There are other options that I would like to bring to the attention of the council. Instead of a person being killed I believe that he or she could become an outcast for a year or so. This way the person is out of the town and is no longer overpopulating our community, or we could have the family which draws the black dot to move away. This will give more room for other families to move in, or even more land for farming. We could even come up with a brand new tradition. The council in office can go down in history for being the council that came up with a new tradition .

Organization Behavior and Business Communication

Question: Discuss about the Organization Behavior and Business Communication and identify the best practices of the company and develop a model. Answer: Introduction The following section is going to make an in depth review of varied literatures regarding internal communications that affect organizational structure as well as culture. More precisely, the following discourse is going to select an individual organization, which has recognizable internal communication strategies and organizational structure. It is required to mention here that the chosen topic for the paper has been organization structure and design in the context of internal communication. The motive will be here to identify any recent changes going within the selected organization and recognize any particular issues regarding the premise of organizational internal communication and organizational structure. With the help of emphasizing on existing models, concepts and theoretical perceptions regarding internal communication and organizational structure, the present paper is going to develop a conceptual model of internal communication. In this context, it is significant to mention that the prime objective of establishing a conceptual model of internal communication and organizational structure is to solve the identified issues or difficulties that the considered organization is presently encountering in the field of stakeholder or internal communication. Therefore, in order to accomplish the aforementioned purpose, the paper has chosen the Australian giant retailer Woolworths. Following the above-mentioned objective, the paper is going to establish a coherent rationale for selecting the considered organization and thereafter will elaborate the background information of Woolworths. At the same time, current organizational practice and recent changes taking place in the enterprise will also be emphasized and evaluated. Through this way, the paper would identify and denote issues regarding internal communication and finally will cumulate all the necessary theoretical underpinnings regarding internal communication. The paper will finally culminated in making a conceptual and convenient model for mitigating the organizational issues. In this respect, it should be mentioned that the phrase internal communication is known to be a transmission of organizational information between organizational stakeholders (Argenti, 2015). Background information and recent changes in Woolworths Among other organizations with retail interest, Woolworths is known to be the best. The enterprise is considered as the second largest organization by the rate of revenue in Australia. In the market, the only potential competitor of Woolworths is known to be the Perth-based conglomerate Wesfarmers. On the other hand, it has been found that Woolworths has successfully won the place of largest takeaway liquor store in the territory. In terms of size, the organization has the number of employee of 202,000 and the gross revenue of the organization until 2016 has been a$59 billion (woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). The grandeur of Woolworths operation is not only limited to supermarket retailing, as the organization has stores of Petrol, liquor, general merchandise, hotel and gambling and home improvement (Bolton, 2015). It has been found out that the organization has more than 3000 stores with more than 29 million customers across the world. In this respect, it is essential to mention that the organizations culture and policies are largely influenced by the organizations goal or mission to win the position of being number one across all other brands (woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Following the particular organizational goal, the organization believes in making a well-integrated team of internal stakeholders. The organization believes that it is essential to acquire support of the team members and suppliers first prior to integrate support of the customers (King Thobela, 2014). Most significantly, the organization believes that to dodge the competition, it is necessary to improve the shopping experience of the target market and therefore team focus is something that the organization desires to accomplish through their organizational structure. Currently, the considered organization is going through some significant changes in the organization structure as the organization has recently employed Brad Banducci for the post of managing director. Due to managerial changes, the organization has incorporated changes in internal communication strategy in terms of organizational structural change. The organization has previously faced issues regarding poorly maintained organizational structure and internal communication (Spillan Ling, 2015). However, following the spectacular managerial change in the enterprise, the organization has changed the existing way of internal communication and has decided to become more customer-centric. Nevertheless, it should be denoted that in terms of change, the organization is planning for overhauling the reward or loyalty programs for its customers. Rationale for selecting Woolworths The retail giant Woolworths has been chosen due to the reason that the organization is currently going through some changes in the organizations structure due to leadership changes and high revenue and share market loss. Therefore, the considered topic, which is organizational structure and design possibly, has a relationship with the considered organizations current situation. On the other hand, it is say that internal communication refers to successful transmission of information among the internal stakeholders, which cannot be fruitfully accomplished without a proper and well-maintained organizational structure and design. Understandably, the organization is going through unstable condition of internal communication as well. However, another reason for considering the retail organization Woolworths is, instead of suffering through a long-term managerial instability, Woolworthss revenue margin and brand recognition is still maintaining its position to be the second market leader in the market front of Australian after Wesfarmers. Therefore, internal communication issues and its impact on the organizational structure of an organization like Woolworths, which has recently gone through huge management changes is justified. Practice of Woolworths regarding organizational structure Prior to elaborate the existing organizational structure and internal communication method of the considered organization Woolworths, it is essential to point out that for giant international organizations like Woolworths, it is essential to break the organization in several parts and distribute the responsibilities equally (woolworthsholdings.co.za, 2017). It has been found out that the considered enterprise Woolworths has been fundamentally following the hierarchical or divisional organizational structure. As per the reason that in divisional or hierarchical organizational structure, responsibilities of an organization are distributed to several divisions although every subordinate group work under one individual head or authority. However, in this respect it is essential to denote that unfortunately in divisional organizational structure, an organization cannot successfully accomplish a prosperous communication with all the internal stakeholders (woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). T he reason behind such possible circumstance is that workers in varied divisions do not work together. However, for a giant international organization like Woolworths, primarily it can be said that selection of the hierarchical or divisional organizational structure is helpful as per the reason that the enterprise works in a large geographical area. It is unfortunate that now most of the business critics are criticizing the individual organization structure of Woolworths to be the main flaw of the enterprise for maximizing the illness of management practice. Current internal communication of Woolworths and its issues Following the organizational structure of Woolworths, it can be therefore said that the organizations long term issue of poorly managed management and communication flaw is justifiable as understandably, following the divisional structure, the organization could not have properly pursued an apt internal communication. Nevertheless, it has been identified that in term of pursuing organizational communication among the internal stakeholders, the retail giant Woolworths has been considering using corporate intranet, newsletters, team meetings and official e-mail (woolworthsholdings.co.za, 2017). Instead of these formal modes of internal communication, according to the current organizational practice of Woolworths, the organization conducts people survey and communication forums with the employees. It has been found out that for individual internal stakeholders, Woolworths has kept different sets of internal communication policies and methods. More precisely, it has been identified that for integrating communication with the service providers or the employees and individual contractors, as per the current practice, the organization shares relevant information as well as pull significant feedbacks. The organization pursues that through both formal and informal and verbal communication. Further, it has been identified that Woolworths pursues ongoing direct as well as indirect communication engagement through electronic and written communication (woolworthsholdings.co.za, 2017). On the other hand, in form of another part of organizational internal communication, the company uses annual general meetings, review of the bi-annual analysts outcomes, analysts meeting in documented form, website updates and sustainability report to communicate with their stakeholders. The aim behind engaging shareholders in the internal communication is to acquire accurate expectation from them and to take approval prior to take any corporal actions (Nijkrake et al., 2015). Nonetheless, it has been identified that for the suppliers, the organization engage in a broad communication process through supplier conference as well as supplier visit and company email in order to discuss about product development, business journey and risk assessment. On the other side, it has been found out that in terms of abiding organizational structure and organizational practice, Woolworths conducts ongoing personal as well as electronic data sharing, franchise satisfaction surveys and franchise meetings for discussing about initiatives and opportunities. Most significantly, it is to say that for the employees, the chief motive behind pursuing internal communication is to discuss about organizations expectation from the employee, employee development programs and any kind of issue an d concern regarding employees. However, it has been understood that instead of having varied practices and ways of integrating internal communication with the help of different convenient communication procedures, Woolworths is found to have a relatively weak internal communication practice (woolworthsholdings.co.za, 2017). The prime reasons behind such a circumstance is found to be lack of engagement from the employees, different cultural backgrounds of the subordinates that are culminating into cultural conflicts and most significantly, lack of proper leadership. Henceforth, it seems that the organizations long running hierarchical structure is not working as per the expectation. However, it has been also understood that the organizations long running managerial dispute is having a long-term and negative impact on the premise of internal communication. Industry internal communication models in the context of organizational structure Prior to elaborate different theoretical underpinning regarding internal communication of business organizations, it is significant to understand organizational structure and its relationship with inter-stakeholder communication. Fundamentally, organizational structure and design can be classified among functional, divisional and matrix type (Ashkenas et al., 2015). However, there is a contradictory percept that says that in terms of organizational structure, line and staff organizational structure and project organizational structure should be also regarded well. In the functional organizational structure, individual departments of an organization is integrated or grouped together for accomplishing organizational goal (Butler Wilson, 2015). However, it is to mention in this context that functional structure does not work well for large business enterprises, which are expanded on a large extent on international premises. Next is the divisional structure, in which an organization for ms different departments based on varied responsibility. It is essential to mention that the bases for establishing different departments are function, product, project, geographic territory and finally combination approach (Fan et al., 2013). The last though not least identifiable and applicable organizational structure and design is known to be the matrix style, which is considered to an amalgamation of the functionalities of functional as well as divisional structure (Guadalupe et al., 2013). More precisely, in the matrix style an organization can integrate its department and can distribute the responsibility into different departments. However, the phrase internal communication is considered to be another name of corporate communication (Krl Krlov, 2016). More specifically, the goal of internal communication is to provide corporate level data to all the subordinates and demand their individual opinion regarding the particular information. The role of internal communication in a business organization is beyond acceptability as the aspect is supposed to be intrinsic to the managerial work (Halter, 2015). Internal communication plays a significant role in determining the performance of an organization. Most importantly, it has been found evident from many researches those say that more than 70% of the change programs fail due to not having a weekly managed internal communication system (Grunig, 2013). However, it is a matter of disappointment that employee relation, which is a integral part of organizational culture, structure and the expected outcome area of internal communication, is undervalued most of the time. According to the human communication theory, in business organizations, in term of internal communication aspects, intrapersonal, interpersonal, group and mediated communication should be pursued (Goodman Hirsch, 2015). It is to regard in this respect that essentially internal communications theoretical underpinnings are related with the concept of organizational management. The concepts of persuasion and processing of information within an organization is highly influenced by individual managerial approach of command and control (Cornelissen, 2014). It can be said that without complete engagement and participation from the management, it is not possible to share information and integrate feedback from all of the internal stakeholders. Therefore, it can be said that individual organizational management is dependent upon individual organizational structure. For example, in hierarchical or divisional organization structure, employees get less chance for communication their side of opinions with the management (Subramanian et al., 2013). It is because in this structure, information flow from top to bottom line of a company is best possible. Organizational structuring type highly influences the decision-making, employee survey, feedbacks and presentation of official documents, which are essentially the areas of internal communication (Lee et al., 2015). Therefore, the aforementioned brief is indicative of the fact that relation between concept of organizational management and internal communication is true and in reality internal communication within an organization give a proper shape to the individual organization structure. Nevertheless, in this context it is essential to mention that the fundamental theoretical underpinning of internal communication says that internal communication in an organization is related with four functional areas- management, efficiency enhancement, image enhancement and human resource functions. Furthermore, for a properly integrated internal organizational communication, sufficient amount of horizontal as well as vertical spread of information is required (Halter, 2015). Therefore, the above-mentioned concept clearly implies that an appropriate integration of internal communication is dependent upon organizational structure, which enables vertical and horizontal spread of corporate data among the internal stakeholders. Development of a conceptual model for recommendations From the above discourse about varied concepts of internal communication and its relation with the organization structure and design and the current organization structure and practice of internal communication of Woolworths, it is understandable that the organization is lacking a suitable organizational structure. It seems that the organization is running with a hierarchical or divisional organizational structure that is not completely supporting the organization to accomplish a proper horizontal and vertical communication within the organization. Most significantly, it is understandable from the present practice that instead of the matter that each individual stakeholder is being engaged in fair corporate communication though employees have relatively less communication with the management. Therefore, a conceptual model in terms of recommendation for mitigating the issue would be the following The above diagram is a supposed model for Woolworths, which the organization can utilize in order to mitigate its structural issue that is harming its leadership and internal communication functions. With the help of matrix organizational structure, the organizations communication with the stakeholders would become flexible, whereas the company would be still maintaining its function through shared responsibility in a wide geographic territory. The conceptual model is indicative of the fact that the structure would accomplish both the vertical and horizontal communication through face-to-face communication along with email, intranet, notice board and news bulletin. Summary From the above discussion, it has been understood that the considered organization Woolworths needs to adopt a firm organizational structure, which is the matrix structure through which the organization can successfully pursue a flexible and satisfactory internal communication. The model has indicated that along with face-to-face communication in terms of having meetings, the organization should use news bulletin, company intranet, email and notice board and company web portal for communicating with internal stakeholders. References Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Bolton, S. (2015). Woolworths workers back at work.Green Left Weekly, (1065), 3. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Digital, B. (2017).WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED | CORPORATE PROFILE | GROUP STRUCTURE.Woolworthsholdings.co.za. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/corporate/group_structure.asp Fan, J. P., Wong, T. J., Zhang, T. (2013). Institutions and organizational structure: The case of state-owned corporate pyramids.Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization,29(6), 1217-1252. Goodman, M. B., Hirsch, P. B. (2015).Corporate Communication: Critical Business Asset for Strategic Global Change. Peter Lang Publishing Incorporated. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guadalupe, M., Li, H., Wulf, J. (2013). Who lives in the C-suite? Organizational structure and the division of labor in top management.Management Science,60(4), 824-844. Halter, J. M. (2015).A strategic approach to corporate communication: an analytic creating strategic alignment and measuring results(Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland). King, L., Thobela, S. (2014). Woolworths farming for the future.International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,17(B). Krl, P., Krlov, V. (2016). Approaches to changing organizational structure: The effect of drivers and communication.Journal of Business Research,69(11), 5169-5174. Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 73-99. Nijkrake, J., Gosselt, J. F., Gutteling, J. M. (2015). Competing frames and tone in corporate communication versus media coverage during a crisis.Public relations review,41(1), 80-88. Spillan, J. E., Ling, H. G. (2015, January). Woolworths: An Adizes Corporate Lifecycle Perspective. InBusiness History Conference. Business and Economic History On-line: Papers Presented at the BHC Annual Meeting(Vol. 13, p. 1). Business History Conference. stakeholder engagement ? what we?re doing. (2017).Woolworthsholdings.co.za. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/gbj/2010/stakeholder/popup.htm?keepThis=trueTB_iframe=trueheight=400width=750 Strategy and objectives - Woolworths Group. (2017).Woolworthsgroup.com.au. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objectives/ Subramanian, A., Venkateswaran, A., Fu, R. (2013). Project Characteristics, Organizational Structure, and Managerial Incentives. The Woolworths Story - Woolworths Group. (2017).Woolworthsgroup.com.au. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/The_Woolworths_Story/How_We_Were_Founded/

Iran-Contra Affair Essays - Nicaraguan Revolution, IranContra Affair

Iran-Contra Affair Iran-Contra Affair Iran-Contra: Crossing That Line "I think everyone knew we were walking a very thin line."(Owen) Not many Americans know the truth that lies behind the Iran-Contra scandals. Most would be surprised to know about the deception of our leaders. Still today, some truth of Iran-Contra lies hidden in the conscience of the people who organized it, aided it, and went through with it. It started with good intentions, but soon was corrupted. Some may argue that we must do what we can to smother the flame of communism, but I believe that deception, abuse of power and bloodshed is no way to go about it. To fully understand Iran-Contra, you must know the history behind it. Draper explains to us that the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 brought the fall of the tyrant Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and gave rise to Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini led the Shiite clerics, whose goal was to establish an Islamic state. In July 1979, the Nicaraguan Revolution overthrew the dictator Somoza and replaced the dynasty with the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas were a communist regime that sought allies with Castro and the Soviet Union. Khomeini and Sandinista had different views, both had one important thing in common; they came to power by defeating United States' resistance, thus they were regarded with hostility. The United States was then left with the question of what to do next. The Reagan administration saw the Sandinistas not as nationalists, but as representatives of a communist conspiracy that must be stopped. " Lurking in the background of these affairs, then, was the ghost of McCarthyism..."(Draper 568). The White House took the 1950's idea of McCarthyism to take every method short of a full-scale war to overthrow the Sandinista regime. The War Against the Sandinistas The United States Central Intelligence Agency armed and trained an anti-Sandinista Guerrilla force based in the neighboring countries of Honduras and Costa Rica called the "Contras." (Corn) These Contras began a series of terrorist raids in Nicaragua, and the death toll mounted. A large amount of opposition and protests by European powers soon followed. Congress then banned any further US financial or military assistance to the Contras in legislation titled the Boland amendment. ("Iran-Contra Affair") This is where the deception started. The Reagan administration knew that if their aid to the Contras stopped, it would mean the end of the Contras. Reagan called together a small planning staff to "keep the Contras together, body and soul" regardless of the legislation. Detailed to the NSC from the marines, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North was given the responsibility to establish a secret network to arm the Contras. Dozens of former CIA and retired military personnel were recruited to train the Contras and fly weapons into Central America. At first, American capitalists supplied much of the financing, but as the operation became more complex, money came from American allies who saw this as a "gesture to build goodwill in Washington" (Walsh 47). This aid provided a steadily growing death toll in Nicaragua. It is estimated that 20,000 Nicaraguan men, women and children were killed in these attacks. ("1986...") These attacks' purposes were to terrorize the people and destroy the country's economics. I believe the Reagan administration was wrong in doing this, even though they had good intention to stop communism. They only brought unnecessary blood shed. Arms for Hostages The Iranian end of the affair started with a series of clashes between the Islamic regime and the US, which lead to the capture of the American Embassy and hostages in Teheran. After "a long and bloody stalemate"(Walsh 311), the Reagan administration backed by National Security Advisor McFarlene decided to trade arms for hostages. But, the catch in the plan was that the same NSC operatives ? McFarlene, PoinDexter, and Lt. Col. Oliver North ? had the responsibilities of both the Iran dealings and the ongoing shipment to the Contras. They decided to overcharge the Iranians in order to provide funds to the Contras. This made it almost inevitable that something would go wrong, and it did. The arms deal was soon found out and it was made the center of media attention. Ignoring this warning, McFarlene and North traveled to Teheran personally to deliver missiles and talk to Iranian officials. North even brought Iranians into the White House secretly at night to discuss the situation. ("Iran-Contra") The lies in Iran-Contra kept getting deeper and deeper, and Reagan and his administration refused to give up their fight. But, they would never be able to keep such an intricate web of lies from being exposed. They had already been in direct violation of

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Globalisation, is the process of increasing integration among different countries, resulting in the establishment of a single world market. Globalisation has been accelerated in the last 50 years due to the relative stabilisation of international relations, development of international institutions that have assisted in the management of globalisation, technological developments and changes in domestic policy. China has been heavily impacted by the process of globalisation displayed hrough: economic growth, international convergence, economic development and quality of life, international trade, investment, financial markets, distribution of income, the environment and Chinese government economic policy. In this essay I will be especially focussing on how globalisation has impacted economic development and the environmental consequences of globalisation. China is the largest country in terms of population size and has recently become the second largest economy in PPP IJS$ terms. China has made rapid progress in economic and human development by reforming its economy. Between 1978 and 1997, the Chinese government made vast changes allowing its economy to become more efficient and opening up its doors to the global market to reap the benefits globalisation. Chinas recent high growth performance has led to rapid economic development. China sustained an average annual rate of growth in real GDP of 10. 1% between 2003 and 2009. Investment and international trade have been the source of Chinas industrialisation and consequently its rapid growth. This economic growth has lead to economic development with its citizens enjoying rising per capita incomes, rowing by an average of 8. 2% per annum between 1975 and 2005, and improvements in quality of life, rising from a HDI of 0. 530 in 1975 to 0. 777 in 2005. The World Bank estimates that over the last 25 year poverty has been reduced by 400 million people in china, previously living on $1 US dollar a day. Chinas export orientated strategy financed by direct foreign investment has doubled the size of the Chinese economy in the decades of 1980s and 90s. This has resulted in rising real incomes and significant improvements in material indicators and non material ndicators of development for much of Chinas population. Due to the structural changes implemented since 1978 within the economy, the Chinese populations life expectancy, GDP per capita and adult literacy levels and HDI value have all risen Chinas high levels of economic growth can be attributed to international convergence, a key impact of globalisation. The Chinese economy has moved from being a planned economy to a market economy, an agricultural economy to an industrialised economy, a rural based society to an urban based society and has eveloped an outward trade focus capturing the benefits of globalisation. Because of these economic developments china is now a major contributor to global output, growth, trade and investment. Chinas international trade has increased considerably in the recent decades due restructuring of the economy and the reduction of trade barriers. These economic developments have allowed Chinas exports have grown on average by 17% per year since 1978. This has been predominantly due to Western companies that have set up Multination corporations (MNCs) in China which account for a massive 54% of Chinas total exports. The value of Chinas exports grew by 30% per annum between 2003 and 2008 and exports now account for 35% of GDP. Much of the growth reflected the expansion in the processing of goods that have been imported from other countries which has become cheep and efficient to do through globalisation breaking down trade barriers between nation. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China remains a key driver of Chinese economic growth although capital flows eased during the GFC in 2008-9. Investment in China is mainly based around the secondary and tertiary sectors. Investment in urban areas as also increased significantly due to the rapid increase in urbanisation in China. China attracts record levels of FDI as companies shift production to china to take advantage of the cheap labour market. Chinas financial markets are still fairly primitive however China has one of the highest saving rates in the world. This is Largely due to rising incomes, but also due to the lack of a robust social safety net to protect citizens from changing economic circumstances such as unemployment and population ageing. The banking sector was only opened to foreign competition at the end of 2006. This forced Chinese anks to become strong and efficient so as to compete with the international banks. In making the banks more efficient, state owned enterprises also had to increase their efficiency as they no longer were allowed to take low cost loans that were running at a loss for the state bank. These economic developments coupled with increased prudential standards and the improvement of lending practices has allowed for savings to be allocated efficiently for investment purposes, to support medium term growth in the Chinese economy. Chinas impressive growth performance has not benefited all provinces equally as llustrated through the large geographic disparities in the distribution of income. Coastal areas have consistently experienced the fastest economic growth because they benefit from their proximity to the Special Economic Zones such as Shanghai and Shenzhen, where employment and income opportunities are the greatest. veraging 13%, which was five times the level in Chinas slowest growing north western regions (e. g. Tibet). China may be one of the few countries in the world performing well overall in the indicators for the Millennium Development Goals owever in income, education and health, only some parts of China will achieve these goals, leaving behind the vast inl and areas and particularly the western provinces. Chinas high rates of economic growth in the past decades have led to rapid resource use and environment degradation. A Chinese government study suggested that, unless pollution is controlled, by 2020 it will cause 600,000 premature deaths in urban areas and 20m cases of respiratory illnesses. The World Bank estimates that pollution alone costs China approx 10% of Chinas annual GDP, in direct damage to he environment, medical costs, lost output from respiratory illnesses, money spent on disaster relief and the implicit costs of the depletion of natural resources. In fact, in 2005 the endangered and much loved Chinese unicorn became extinct due to deforestation of their natural habitats. The Chinese government has begun to recognise and address the environmental problems that have emerged due to rapid growth and industrialisation. Targets have been set to reduce pollution levels and markets have been established for tradable emission permits which give firms an ncentive to keep pollution at a minimum. These economic developments will lead to higher economic growth and improvements in human development and living standards. Chinese government economic policy since 1978 to today has been a continual process of opening the economy up to market forces and embracing the potential benefits of globalisation. The current government is focusing on continuing economic development and social stability in China. The government has recently begun implemented a more than half a trillion dollar fiscal stimulus package to counter the conomic slowdown, boost domestic demand and prevent a rise in poverty. This economic slowdown of the Chinese economy, triggered by the Global Financial Crisis, and the need for such a large fiscal stimulus package displays how global influences can readily affect globalised economies. Overall Chinas economy has been impacted significantly by globalisation. As discussed, without Chinas exposure to globalisation it could not have sustained such high levels of growth and economically developed so much in such a short period of time. However the Chinese governments policy must see much reform before the conomic development can reach the levels of developed nations. For example Chinas environmental standards must be addressed as China now has the ten most polluted cities in the world causing premature deaths and millions of respiratory related illnesses. Other such issues that need to be addressed by the Chinese government if they want to continue to enjoy high levels of economic growth include development in infrastructure, commercial laws and regulations, social security reform, reform of the labour market, political instability and ecological sustainability.

Suleymaniye Mosque istanbul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Suleymaniye Mosque istanbul - Essay Example The edifice was the 7 years masterpiece work led by the Ottoman engineer, Mimar Sinan in the year 1550 to 1557. Mimar Sinan studied with great interest one of the model edifices, the Hagia Sophia Church. Hagia Sophia Church is the Byzantine church of Divine Wisdom which was used by the Ottomans as prayer house at the onset of occupancy in Turkey (Jackh, 1952; Turkey, 2006). However, the Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem constructed in 643 apparently set the primary standards of subsequent Mosque architectures in the Islamic sphere of influence (Hitchcock, Lloyd, Rice, Lynton, Boyd, and Carden, 1963). Departing from the four sided building of the Kaaba which was constructed by Abraham and Ysmael, peace is upon them, the Dome of the Rock Mosque is shape in a rotunda (Hitchcock et al., 1963) on top of the hill. During the Ottoman reign over Turkey, from 1288 to 1923, the organized sultanate took over properties which were left behind by the Byzantine monarchs. A few of these are the buildings with its arts and architecture. The structures as well as the adornments very well portrayed influences not only of Byzantine art but also from the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuks' ruled Turkey from 1071 to the 1300th's. The Seljuks' introduced some arts and architectural designs they must have picked up from Persia and Anatolia. Although some of the structures were refurbished from one set of colonizer to the next, some served as models for the construction of buildings that were called Ottoman Mosques (Hitchcock et al., 1963). Suleymaniye imperial Mosque is one of the legendary architectural model output that exist up to date. The Mosque was named after Suleiman the sultan of the era. The structure was adorned with 4 very prominent external minarets, dome shape roof, the prayer hall, iwan, sahn, and garden (Essential Architecture, Asia-West, 2009). The floor plan reveals a square architectural structure (Hitchcock et al., 1963). Source: Essential Architecture, Asia-West, 2009 Source: Title: World Architecture: An Illustrated History; Publisher

Detroit and municipal bankruptcy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Detroit and municipal bankruptcy - Research Paper Example This essay seeks to elaborate on why Detroit should pursue bankruptcy. Detroit filling of bankruptcy can follow the city’s current existing population record. According to the census record taken in 2012, Detroit hosts a population of around 700,000 residents. This number stipulates that the city stand among the highest populated cities in the state of Michigan (Rattner 15). The high population implies that the city requires relatively higher resources compared to other cities to sustain the residents within the area. Filling for bankruptcy suffices as a good course because it enables the city to maximize on the available resources from tax exemption policies within the enacted act’s provision. The unemployment rate in Detroit has elevated to significantly alarming records. Since the year 2000, the unemployment rates have changed tremendously. The high unemployment rate is evident around the metropolitan areas where it has risen by over 10% of the national average. Unemployment rate factor is directly inversed to other factors like the homicide rates within the city considering that Detroit has the highest homicide rate and is among the most dangerous cities in the United States of America. The judicial state within the city raises the significance of filing for bankruptcy. In the year 2014, only 8.5% of cases commenced were solved. This number compared to the 30.5% of the cases solved nationwide indicating that the judicial system requires redress. The security system in Detroit also begs for the filling of bankruptcy. In Detroit city, the response to the police calls averages 56 minutes compared to the 11 minutes nationwide. The faulty security and policing system in Detroit are attributive to the lack of resources. The fire trucks and police trucks conditions neglect is evident in that they are old and cannot work efficiently. Nevertheless, just like other

Market structure and the determination of market price Essay

Market structure and the determination of market price - Essay Example On the other hand, an imperfect market is characterized by regulations limits the number of individuals selling products or services (White and Fraley, n.d.). The pharmaceutical industry is a highly regulated industry hence it presents a great level of imperfect competition. The imperfect competition in the pharmaceutical industry is found on the supply side of the market. There are so many regulations that follow before the product is introduced in the market. The bigwigs in the industry have already overcome the regulations hence focus on changing trends in the in the market. New entrants will always face challenges. In order to ensure that these pharmaceuticals do not fix prices, governments facilitate the adoption of bilateral monopolies as well as do bargaining to ensure the prices are regulated (White and Fraley, n.d.) Increase in the number of producers as well as elimination of regulations will facilitate the shift in the supply curve. However, the demand curve can also be affected when individuals opt for alternative medicine. Firstly, removal of regulations can facilitate the increase in the number of producers hence the shift in the supply curve. Secondly, lack of government bargaining can result to the pharmaceuticals overpricing since the demand for pharmaceuticals is constant. Finally, Use of alternative medicine can result to a shift in the demand curve because the consumption of pharmaceutical products is reduced (Guha, Lacy and Woodhouse, 2008).. Guha, R., Lacy, A. M. and Woodhouse, S.(2008). Analyzing competition in the Pharmaceutical industry. Economics Committee Newsletter, Vol 8 No.1. Retrieved on 30 January 2014 from http://www.cornerstone.com/getattachment/5f41372f-11ac-4f45-9f27-45b1dad16444/Analyzing-Competition-in-the-Pharmaceutical-Indust.aspx White, R. F. and Fraley, S. (n.d). Imperfect competition, price fairness and the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Ethics, Vol 1, No 2. Retrieved on 30 January 2014 from

Overview of the Primary Health Care System in Hong Kong

Overview of the Primary Health Care System in Hong Kong Student name: MAN Ho Yan Introduction Hong Kong average life expectancy is one the longest city among the world, even longer than some developed countries such as America, Japan (Lee et al., 2016). According to the statistic provided by the Department of Health in 2016, the life expectancy of Hong Kong male and female are 81.2 and 87.3 respectively. The reason why Hong Kong is having this honor can be related to various factors. Generally speaking, more and more people have started to take care of their health. For example, they have a variety of food choice, buying food from many places with a relatively reasonable price. The Hong Kong government also pays lots of effort in health promotion, like encouraging people to do enough exercise per week and eat healthily with less oil, salt, sugar etc. Citizens are able to find this kind of health information easily through television, advertisements, or the Internet. In terms of policy making, Hong Kong government has set up regulations restricting smoking in Hong Kong. Smokin g in restricted area is prohibited, higher regulation in tobacco trading, as well as the advertisements of tobacco, posted or showed to the public. Together with the smoking cessation program provided by the government, the number of people smoke is kept decreasing throughout these years (Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, 2016). Nonetheless, another important factor that makes Hong Kong people can have the longest life expectancy in the world is due to Hong Kong has a comprehensive health care delivery system. Including both public and private health services, from out-patient clinic, specialist out-patient clinic, even in hospitalization, Hong Kong health care system has a high quality and high standard of health delivery service. With the advanced medical technology, all the Hong Kong citizens can enjoy the health service, no matter what kind of economic status of oneself. They can use the health service. Everyone will be provided with adequate health care services provided by all health criteria. As a result, Hong Kong citizens can have a higher chance to have a longer life expectancy. In the following paragraph, a brief overview of the current Hong Kong health care system will be discussed, followed by the discussion of one of the major roles of the whole system in Hong Kong, Primary Health Care, by looking at the working principles of the system and the services provided to the public. Last but not least, the health care system in Hong Kong though is comparatively perfect than other countries. There are some rooms of improvement, which will be discussed in the recommendation part. Hong Kong current Health Care System Nowadays the health care system in Hong Kong is running under a dual-track system, they are public and private sectors. These sectors deliver different services from primary, secondary and even tertiary care. Public health care sector is the core of the whole healthcare system, providing health services to all the citizens. In other words, the public healthcare sector is the basic system in maintaining the health of the community. On the other hand, private healthcare provides an alternative choice for citizens to choose (Ko, 2013). These services usually have a higher cost, but will provide a more accessible and relatively higher quality healthcare service than public healthcare service. If clients can afford the cost, they may choose private health care service according to their own desire (Kong, 2015). All public health care services in Hong Kong are regulated by the Food and Health Bureau, HKSAR. The major role of it is setting up policies and distributing resources to public healthcare services to operate and providing service for the community (HKSAR, 2016). Under the regulation of Food and Health Bureau, there are two more departments in providing different kinds of public health care services. The Department of Health is responsible for the management of public health like Chest Clinics, Student Health Services Centre, Maternal and Child Health Centres etc. The Hospital Authority is responsible for the management of public hospitals, for instance, public hospitals, general out-patient clinics, special out-patient clinics (HKSAR, 2016). Private health care service, involve mainly hospital services, such as private hospitals, private practitioners, and private Chinese practitioners. All the private hospitals, private medical clinics are regulated by the Department of Health, and they should obey the Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Maternity Home Registration Ordinance (Cap. 165) and the Medical Clinics Ordinance (Cap. 343) (HKSAR, 2010). 3. Primary Health Care Services Primary health care is an important category in the health care system since it helps to maintain the health of the community, the work should be done effectively and comprehensively. This is because primary health care is the first step of contact between patients with their family members and health professional (WHO, 2008). Generally speaking, primary health care aims to prevent any disease occur in the early stage, as well as improve personal health condition. These kinds of actions can help in lower the opportunity of suffering diseases and thus, reduce the needs of a high level of health care like that more intensive health care. The whole health expenditure can be reduced for both the client oneself and also the whole health care system (HKSAR, 2008). A proper and effective development of primary health care system can benefit the use of resources and their allocation to another part of the system. For example, primary health care for elderly, treatment on long-term disease et c. 3.1 Current Primary Heath Care Service in Hong Kong Being the first contact point of the health care, primary health care does include health promotion, patient-based health care, disease prevention, and medicine care. In Hong Kong, primary health care services are mainly provided by the private family doctors, public health care sectors will integrate with those private health care sectors to provide different dimension of specialist and hospital services. However, patients have to pay for all of the cost to the private health care services. Public health sectors its own will provide general out-patient clinics, for those who cannot afford the cost of private primary health service (HKSAR, 2010). The Department of Health functions various public activities for community care. With the working principle of protecting the health of the whole community and the population, Department of Health will bring along with disease surveillance, communicable diseases control among the community, public health regulation as well as licensing, impl ement different kinds of health measures, such as tobacco control etc. (HKSAR, 2010). In order to provide a comprehensive health care, different discipline or health care professionals should work together, including general practitioners, nurses, Chinese medicine practitioners, and related health care professionals and health care providers among the community. Early in 1990, the Working Party on Primary Health Care established a report, to have a comprehensive examination of the primary health care system in Hong Kong, as well as recommending the strategies in order to strengthen the system. Since then, different primary health care services started to be established. For example, in 1994, the Woman Health Service has been set up. Introduce health service for women who aged 64 or below. In 1995, the Student Health Service has been established, which give general medical checkup, health promotion etc. for primary and secondary students. Elderly Health Service was established in 1998, providing preventive care, giving support on elderly centres and elderly homes (Food and Health Bureau, 2010). Throughout the years, more and more primary health care services have been organised or being reformed. In October 2008, a reform of the Working Group on Primary Care has been established by the Health and Medical Development Advisory Committee and operated by the Secretary of the Food and Health Bureau (Food and Health Bureau, 2010). The working group is mainly on providing advice on critical development for primary care. Several working tasks have been set up by the group including establishing primary health care conceptual models and related framework protocols, constructing the Primary Care Directory, and recommending an effective primary health care service delivery model (HKSAR, 2010). All these working principles are aiming at enhancing primary health care service in Hong Kong. The group is composed of both representatives of public and private sectors, for instance, patients group, health professionals, health administrators, and related stakeholders. Regarding the working principles, the primary health care conceptual model and protocol is targeting on the conceptual models and guidelines on hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus for the use of health care professionals. Primary Care Directory is a program set up by the Primary Care Office, which is under the regulation of the Department of Health, established in 2010. This program aims at supporting and coordinating primary health care service development in Hong Kong, establishing primary health care developing strategies and operation. The Directory is operated by different health professionals, health administrators, and related stakeholders from the Food and Health Bureau. In order to have a better co-operation between various disciplines, and to ensure they have relevant professional knowledge to develop primary health care system (Primary Care Office, 2017). The government will also help in training primary health care providers and collaborate with the Directory and those health professionals. The public can assess to the Primary Care Directory to search for their own primary health care providers according to their health needs. In terms of community health networks, the Government will propose projects based on the conceptual models and consultation with the health care professionals, health care providers, public and private health care sectors, non-governmental organizations, and local universities. Aims at setting up localized health centre, provide a comprehensive and coordinate primary health care service to the community. 3.2 Primary Health Care for Elderly Aging population in Hong Kong is a serious problem, according to the statistic provided by the Census and Statistic Department in 2015, it is estimated that in mid-2024, 22% of the Hong Kong citizens are aged over 65 and over 65. Nonetheless, the number of elderly will keep increasing in the following years. 20 years later in 2044, the population rate for those aged 65 and over will become 31%. More elderly will have an effect on the labor workforce, more workers are needed to support those retired elderly (Tollefson, 2015). The increase of number of elderly also will affect to the health care system. Normally, elderly will have a higher chance of developing chronic disease due to the decrease on the body mechanism. As a result, they will use health services more often. The government has to put more resources in maintaining the health of this population. For example, health promotion, more resources to the hospitals in curing the chronic disease, ensuring all the functional ability etc. (Sin et al., 2015). A comprehensive primary health care framework is therefore needed to be established in order to relieve the pressure of the medical services and also the whole health care system in a long-term, to achieve a sustainable development. Primary health care in elderly is served as a preventive measure, a better control of the chronic disease etc. The services usually provided by the private family doctors. They will give health related information to the elderly, having risk assessment, and follow-up medication (Sin et al., 2015). The supportive measures not only help the elderly, but their family members also gain benefit from it. They can spend less time and money in paying for the health care service. 4. Recommendations 4.1 Allocation of the manpower As mentioned, most of the tasks are performed by the Department of Health, the health professionals, like doctors, nurses, even the Secretary of the Food and Health Bureau is come from a medical background. The workload of the health professionals, especially those who work in hospitals, is very high. In fact, they almost need to perform all the tasks. There is not enough manpower to take care of a huge amount of clients every day. From paper work or even the driver of the ambulance are all health professionals. The government should revise of the job allocation in hospitals or related work field, to lower the workload of the health professionals, and thus, have a better working performance to provide a higher quality of health care to the clients. 4.2 Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Nowadays in Hong Kong is mainly use conventional medicine as medical treatment. Although it still has its effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapy is an alternative way that can be used in public primary health care service. CAM therapy refers to an approach using together with western medicine, focusing on the treatment of a whole person (Mayo Clinic, 2014). The Hong Kong Baptist Hospital is one of the hospitals that provide Chinese Medicine medication. However, the use of CAM therapy is not quite common in public health care sectors, most of the therapies are provided by the private sector. Therefore it is suggested that the Government can build up or set up clinics that mainly use CAM therapy for primary health care, letting those who cannot afford the high cost of private health care sector. A combination of CAM therapy and traditional medicine lower the use of main hospital resources and as a result, a better resource allocation. 4.3 A Balance between public and private health care sectors As mentioned by Griffiths (2012), private sector is the major provider of primary health care, around 70% of it is provided by family doctor, private clinics etc. Moreover, there are more and more private clinics being established, since the practitioners want to have more economic income. Therefore, the two sectors can cooperate with each other, such as the General Outpatient Clinic Public Private Partnership is one of the ways to solve this problem (Cheung, 2015). Even clients whenever use the private health care service can enjoy a lower cost if they are transferred from the public sector. This can lower the workload and the number of clients in public sectors, and also the clients can have a relatively better quality of primary health care service. The Government shall implements effective and comprehensive strategies between public and private health care sectors. 5. Conclusion Being the longest life expectancy among the world, it is no doubt that Hong Kong has several of advantages owing to this result. As mentioned from the above, the quality and standard of the health care system in Hong Kong is higher than many developed countries. This plays an important role for community health development. Primary health care system is the first step for the medical treatment between clients and medical providers. Therefor an effective and comprehensive primary health care system is essential. This can lower the time spending on medical treatment afterwards. The resources using in the system can be reallocate. However the whole still has some problems, government should cooperate with public and private health care sector in order to implement an effective policy for providing adequate medical service to the community. 6. References Census and Statistics Department. (2015). Hong Kong Population Projections. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B1120015062015XXXXB0100.pdf Cheung, W.L. (2015). Public Private Partnership. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www3.ha.org.hk/ppp/homepage.aspx?lang=eng Food and Health Bureau. (2010). My Health My Choice: Healthcare Reform Second Stage Consultation Document. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.myhealthmychoice.gov.hk/pdf/consultation_full_eng.pdf Food and Health Bureau. (2010). Our partner for better health: Primary Care Development in Hong Kong: Strategy Document. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/press_and_publications/otherinfo/101231_primary_care/e_strategy_doc.pdf Griffiths, S.M. Lee, J.P.M. (2012). Developing primary care in Hong Kong: evidence into practice and the development of reference frameworks. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 18(5), 429-434. Hong Kong Baptist Hospital (n.d.). Chinese Medicine Clinic. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.hkbh.org.hk/eng/hospital_service_chinese_medicine_clinic.php HKASR. (2008). Appendix B: Hong Kongs Current Healthcare System. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.fhb.gov.hk/beStrong/files/consultation/appendixb_eng.pdf HKSAR. (2010). Appendix C: Hong Kongs Current Private Healthcare Sector. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.myhealthmychoice.gov.hk/pdf/appendixC_eng.pdf HKSAR. (2016). Overview of the Health Care System in Hong Kong. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/health/hosp/overview.htm Ko, W.M. (2013). HK healthcare is a dual-track system. Retrieved 27 March from: http://archive.news.gov.hk/en/record/html/2013/04/20130409_190409.shtml Kong, X.Y., Yang, Y., Gao, J., Guan, J., Liu, Y., Wang, R.Z., Xing, B., Li., Y.N. Ma, W. B. (2015). Overview of the health care system in Hong Kong and its referential significance to mainland China. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 78, 569-573. Lee, D. Cheah, S. (2016). Hong Kong women and men enjoy worlds longest life expectancy due to low smoking rates, health experts claim. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1995947/hong-kong-women-and-men-enjoy-worlds-longest-life Mayo Clinic. (2014). Complementary and alternative medicine. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/alternative-medicine/art-20045267 Sin, C.K.L, Fu, S.N., Tsang, C.S.H., Tsui,W.W.S. Chan, F.H.W. (2015). Prevention in primary care is better than cure: The Hong Kong Reference Framework for Preventive Care for Older Adults translating evidence into practice. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 21(4), 353-359. Tollefson, E. (2015, November 25). Hong Kong has a problem with population ageing, rather than an elderly problem. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1883166/hong-kong-has-problem-population-ageing-rather-elderly World Health Organization. (2008). The World Health Report 2008 Primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever). Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/ Hong Kong Baptist Hospital (n.d.). Chinese Medicine Clinic. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.hkbh.org.hk/eng/hospital_service_chinese_medicine_clinic.php

Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers

Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book. An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher. The book begins with Krishna mulling over â€Å"a sense of something missing†. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to â€Å"Nature† by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river. Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an â€Å"overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor† when he makes his way to class. When Krishna reaches class late he â€Å"decides† to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself â€Å"These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.†(pg 13) This proves that the boys’ in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi... Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book. An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher. The book begins with Krishna mulling over â€Å"a sense of something missing†. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to â€Å"Nature† by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river. Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an â€Å"overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor† when he makes his way to class. When Krishna reaches class late he â€Å"decides† to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself â€Å"These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.†(pg 13) This proves that the boys’ in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi...

Analyzing Legal Alien Essay

For many years now people have judged one another based on characteristics and family background. Some judge based on skin color, race, where your family has come from, and how you came about. â€Å"Legal Alien/ Extranjera Legal† by Pat Mora gives a very realistic message of how it can feel to be a mexican american and to be seen as a ‘legal alien’. To feel not wanted by either side, and to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different,/ viewed by mexicans as alien. This here, is a perfect example of the way Mora feels about being judged and seen as an alien and her interesting use of diction, metaphors and similes. I think the tone Mora has is one of somebody who feels like an outsider, due to being judge by the people who surround her daily. Moras choice of diction in the first four lines is very interesting and has continued to interest me throughout the poem. Diction is a writer or speakers choice of words. Mora’s diction lets you know a lot about the poems meaning and also about the speaker or the character right away. Mora chooses to tell it back and forth, from one side to another, but mainly from two different points of view. Being seen as an american and also being seen as a mexican. I believe Mora is telling this poem in her own point of view, as if she is the character. Mora starts by off saying â€Å"bi-lingual, bi-cultural† line one. That alone can be interpreted as the speaker or the character is able to speak and understand two languages. It also means she can participate in both of their cultures as well. Mora follows the first line up by enforcing her meaning with â€Å" able to slip from ‘how’s life? to ‘ me’stan volviendo loca. †( this means they’re driving me crazy in spanish. ) Lines two and three. Moras choice of diction here is interesting because she makes it sound like she lives two completely separate lifes as if they could not be mixed together. Mora writes â€Å"able to sit in a paneled office/ drafting memos in smooth english/ able to order in fluent spanish/ at a mexican restaurant† Lines five through seven, really show how she lives both sides and experiences them both separately from one another. It also shows that she fits in and seems as if she really isn’t different from any of the others. In lines eight through ten Mora uses more of her interesting diction. â€Å"american but hyphenated/ viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † ‘American but hyphenated’ highlights the point that although she is part american, she is still different because she is not a full american. There is more than that though, and thats exactly why she is seen differently from both sides. Either way she is more than that so she is seen different and that is Moras overall message. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † supports that she is viewed as an outsider from both sides. Mora also uses inferior. Which has a strong meaning to it. Inferior means: lower in rank, status, or quality. Mora uses the word exotic which also sends a very clear message of how she is viewed. Exotic means to originate in or characteristic of a distant foreign country, so her choice of words completely supports her overall message of what it can feel like to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. Mora even uses a very simple but clear simile. â€Å"viewed by mexicans as an alien. † She states that the mexicans, the other half of her ancestors race, also see her as an alien, as an outsider. Different from them because she has american blood to even though the rest of her blood is made up of that of the same as theirs. She still is not the same in there eyes. They refer to her as an alien because they believe that. â€Å"(their eyes say, ‘you may speak/ spanish but you’re not like me’)† lines twelve and thirteen, support the fact that all though she is similar, she is not seen like them. Moras choice of diction is interesting here because she is writing what she knows they want to say but won’t always will but also what some do imply using different words. There eyes make her feel different like an outcast not wanted by anybody. The way they find hers and judge her so quickly, so harshly. Mora again supports that she is viewed as an outsider, a ‘legal alien’ by following that up with lines fourteenth and fifteenth. â€Å"an american to mexicans/ A mexican to americans. † These two lines have a strong meaning, and also supports the way she feels, nobody wanted her. She did not belong to either because they judged her based on the other half of her race. the other half of who she is. When in all reality race should not matter, should not affect one’s judgement. Somebodys race makes them no better nor no worse than the next person. Moras next two lines sixteen and seventeen, have a strong meaning and the use of a metaphor. â€Å"a handy token/ sliding back and forth. † She is referring to herself or her character as a ‘hand token’, which I would assume is a metaphor that symbolizes that she slides back and forth between what feels like two completely different worlds just trying to fit in. To be seen for who she truly is. â€Å"between the fringes of both worlds. † Mora now very matter of factly states that to her or her character those lives are two different worlds completely. It also supports that she does not mix them together very much. In the next line Mora chooses to show an emotion in a way. I believe Mora chooses to wait so long before putting a real emotion into her character so you and I, as the readers could really understand what it is like to be mexican american and judged constantly and in general. â€Å"by smiling† line nineteen. Mora follows up the short but to the point line nineteen, with using very strong diction. â€Å"by masking the discomfort† (line twenty) is a strong phrase alone and already says a lot. ‘Masking discomfort’ means that the speaker or character masks how discomfortable being judged can be. How hard it can be to cope with and that says the speaker or the character is very strong, to hide something like that simply by smiling when it has most likely gone on for years. But also a devastating effect. â€Å"of being pre-judged/ bi-laterally. † line twenty. Mora ends her poem with one, very strong meaningful word. Bi-laterally means by both sides. Mora is saying ‘being pre-judged by both sides’. Both races that make her up as a whole, pre-judging her before they got the chance to know her. People judge one another all the time based off their clothes, and much much more. But to judge somebody due to their race or heritage, things they have no control over, thats not right. Its one thing to judge based on how they project themselves but it is not right to judge based on something out of their control either. I think that Moras choice of diction, metaphors, and similes really support her feelings of being judged and seen as a ‘legal alien’. â€Å"Legal Alien’/Extranjera Legal† gives a very realistic and strong message of how it can feel to be viewed as an alien by the people that surround you and are in your life like the people you work with. Mora’s character knows how it feels to be not wanted nor accepted by either side, and to be judged on the origins of her ancestors and her race. Mora uses strong diction throughout this poem with her interesting choice of how she uses her words. â€Å"perhaps exotic, perhaps inferior, definitely different,† Her choice of diction has a strong effect on the message itself. Moras use of similes is interesting to because she says â€Å"viewed by mexicans as alien†, she very clearly says they compare her to an alien and that as a very great impact to. Mora also uses metaphors in her writing in an interesting way, she refers to herself as ‘a handy token/ sliding back and forth’, to symbolize how it feels to not be accepted and to be judged. Many people could relate to this poem whether they are judged on their race, on their upbringing, on their clothes, and many more factors. Being pre-judged is a major problem in society today and is all around us constantly. Some are not lucky enough to escape it, but are capable of understanding the bigger picture in the message behind this poem.

Comapring Japan and Thailand essays

Comapring Japan and Thailand essays Thailand and Japan are two countries situated in the Australian, Asian and Pacific (A.A.P) region. There are many similarities and differences in their physical and human geographies. Japan is an archipelago of 3900 mountainous islands with a total land size of 377 835km2. Located in East Asia along the 'Pacific Ring of Fire' Japan ranges from North 50 30I to 210 and East 970 3I to 1030 3I. In contrast, Thailand is a larger country with a total landmass of 511 770km2. It is located in South East Asia on the Indo-China and Malayan peninsula. Thailands landmass ranges from 70 5I to 200 5I North and 970 to 105o 41 East. Thailand has a tropical climate that experiences monsoonal influences, whereas Japan has a diverse climate, ranging from sub-tropical in the south to alpine conditions on the elevated peaks. Japan has an aging population, which is twice the size of Thailand's. 90% of Japans 126 million people live on only 20% of its dry land. Dissimilarly, Thailands population is more ev enly spread with a distribution of 117 persons per km2. Japan is a More Developed country (M.D.C) with a GNP per capita of US$34 500, which makes it Asia most affluent country. Japan Economy relies on services and high technology industries. Thailand is a Less-Developed country (L.D.C) with a GNP per capita of US$8 800. Thailands population relies more on a subsistence way of life. In fact 75% of its inhabitants making their living from farming. Japan is an island archipelago with over 3900 islands. The four main islands, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku stretch for over 3 800 kilometres. The country situated on the edge of large tectonic plates which are constantly moving providing an unpredictable countryside. The Pacific Ocean, Sea of Japan, Korea Strait and the East China Sea surround the Japanese archipelago. Unlike Japan, Thailand is not a group of islands, it is however a larger country with a land area of 511 770k...

The Tragedy of Richard III essays

The Tragedy of Richard III essays "The tragedy of Richard III lies in the progressive isolation of From the very opening of the play when Richard III enters "solus", the protagonist's isolation is made clear. Richard's isolation progresses as he separates himself from the other characters and breaks the natural bonds between Man and nature through his efforts to gain power. The first scene of the play begins with a soliloquy, which emphasizes Richard's physical isolation as he appears alone as he speaks to the audience. This idea of physical isolation is heightened by his references to his deformity, such as "rudely stamp'd...Cheated of feature by Dissembling Nature, deformed, unfinished. This deformity would be an outward indication to the audience of the disharmony from Nature and viciousness of his spirit. As he hates "the idle pleasures of these days" and speaks of his plots to set one brother against another, Richard seems socially apart from the figures around him, and perhaps regarded as an outsider or ostracized because of his deformity. His separation from is family is emphasized when he says "Dive, thought's down to my soul" when he sees his brother approaching. He is unable to share his thought with his own family as he is plotting against them. Thus, we are given hints of his physical, social and spiritual isolation which is developed throughout the play. But despite these hints, he still refers to himself as part of the House of York, shown in the repeated use of "Our". The concept of Richard's physical isolation is reinforced in his dealings with Anne in Act I scene ii. She calls him "thou lump of foul deformity" and "fouler toad" during their exchange. Despite these insults, she still makes time to talk to Richard, and by the end of their exchange, she has taken his ring and been "woo'd" by him. After Richard has successfully gained the throne, he isolates himsel...