Iran-Contra Affair Essays - Nicaraguan Revolution, IranContra Affair

Iran-Contra Affair Iran-Contra Affair Iran-Contra: Crossing That Line "I think everyone knew we were walking a very thin line."(Owen) Not many Americans know the truth that lies behind the Iran-Contra scandals. Most would be surprised to know about the deception of our leaders. Still today, some truth of Iran-Contra lies hidden in the conscience of the people who organized it, aided it, and went through with it. It started with good intentions, but soon was corrupted. Some may argue that we must do what we can to smother the flame of communism, but I believe that deception, abuse of power and bloodshed is no way to go about it. To fully understand Iran-Contra, you must know the history behind it. Draper explains to us that the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 brought the fall of the tyrant Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and gave rise to Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini led the Shiite clerics, whose goal was to establish an Islamic state. In July 1979, the Nicaraguan Revolution overthrew the dictator Somoza and replaced the dynasty with the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas were a communist regime that sought allies with Castro and the Soviet Union. Khomeini and Sandinista had different views, both had one important thing in common; they came to power by defeating United States' resistance, thus they were regarded with hostility. The United States was then left with the question of what to do next. The Reagan administration saw the Sandinistas not as nationalists, but as representatives of a communist conspiracy that must be stopped. " Lurking in the background of these affairs, then, was the ghost of McCarthyism..."(Draper 568). The White House took the 1950's idea of McCarthyism to take every method short of a full-scale war to overthrow the Sandinista regime. The War Against the Sandinistas The United States Central Intelligence Agency armed and trained an anti-Sandinista Guerrilla force based in the neighboring countries of Honduras and Costa Rica called the "Contras." (Corn) These Contras began a series of terrorist raids in Nicaragua, and the death toll mounted. A large amount of opposition and protests by European powers soon followed. Congress then banned any further US financial or military assistance to the Contras in legislation titled the Boland amendment. ("Iran-Contra Affair") This is where the deception started. The Reagan administration knew that if their aid to the Contras stopped, it would mean the end of the Contras. Reagan called together a small planning staff to "keep the Contras together, body and soul" regardless of the legislation. Detailed to the NSC from the marines, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North was given the responsibility to establish a secret network to arm the Contras. Dozens of former CIA and retired military personnel were recruited to train the Contras and fly weapons into Central America. At first, American capitalists supplied much of the financing, but as the operation became more complex, money came from American allies who saw this as a "gesture to build goodwill in Washington" (Walsh 47). This aid provided a steadily growing death toll in Nicaragua. It is estimated that 20,000 Nicaraguan men, women and children were killed in these attacks. ("1986...") These attacks' purposes were to terrorize the people and destroy the country's economics. I believe the Reagan administration was wrong in doing this, even though they had good intention to stop communism. They only brought unnecessary blood shed. Arms for Hostages The Iranian end of the affair started with a series of clashes between the Islamic regime and the US, which lead to the capture of the American Embassy and hostages in Teheran. After "a long and bloody stalemate"(Walsh 311), the Reagan administration backed by National Security Advisor McFarlene decided to trade arms for hostages. But, the catch in the plan was that the same NSC operatives ? McFarlene, PoinDexter, and Lt. Col. Oliver North ? had the responsibilities of both the Iran dealings and the ongoing shipment to the Contras. They decided to overcharge the Iranians in order to provide funds to the Contras. This made it almost inevitable that something would go wrong, and it did. The arms deal was soon found out and it was made the center of media attention. Ignoring this warning, McFarlene and North traveled to Teheran personally to deliver missiles and talk to Iranian officials. North even brought Iranians into the White House secretly at night to discuss the situation. ("Iran-Contra") The lies in Iran-Contra kept getting deeper and deeper, and Reagan and his administration refused to give up their fight. But, they would never be able to keep such an intricate web of lies from being exposed. They had already been in direct violation of

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example

Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Example Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Essay Discuss the impact of globalisation on China, with reference to economic development and environmental consequences Globalisation, is the process of increasing integration among different countries, resulting in the establishment of a single world market. Globalisation has been accelerated in the last 50 years due to the relative stabilisation of international relations, development of international institutions that have assisted in the management of globalisation, technological developments and changes in domestic policy. China has been heavily impacted by the process of globalisation displayed hrough: economic growth, international convergence, economic development and quality of life, international trade, investment, financial markets, distribution of income, the environment and Chinese government economic policy. In this essay I will be especially focussing on how globalisation has impacted economic development and the environmental consequences of globalisation. China is the largest country in terms of population size and has recently become the second largest economy in PPP IJS$ terms. China has made rapid progress in economic and human development by reforming its economy. Between 1978 and 1997, the Chinese government made vast changes allowing its economy to become more efficient and opening up its doors to the global market to reap the benefits globalisation. Chinas recent high growth performance has led to rapid economic development. China sustained an average annual rate of growth in real GDP of 10. 1% between 2003 and 2009. Investment and international trade have been the source of Chinas industrialisation and consequently its rapid growth. This economic growth has lead to economic development with its citizens enjoying rising per capita incomes, rowing by an average of 8. 2% per annum between 1975 and 2005, and improvements in quality of life, rising from a HDI of 0. 530 in 1975 to 0. 777 in 2005. The World Bank estimates that over the last 25 year poverty has been reduced by 400 million people in china, previously living on $1 US dollar a day. Chinas export orientated strategy financed by direct foreign investment has doubled the size of the Chinese economy in the decades of 1980s and 90s. This has resulted in rising real incomes and significant improvements in material indicators and non material ndicators of development for much of Chinas population. Due to the structural changes implemented since 1978 within the economy, the Chinese populations life expectancy, GDP per capita and adult literacy levels and HDI value have all risen Chinas high levels of economic growth can be attributed to international convergence, a key impact of globalisation. The Chinese economy has moved from being a planned economy to a market economy, an agricultural economy to an industrialised economy, a rural based society to an urban based society and has eveloped an outward trade focus capturing the benefits of globalisation. Because of these economic developments china is now a major contributor to global output, growth, trade and investment. Chinas international trade has increased considerably in the recent decades due restructuring of the economy and the reduction of trade barriers. These economic developments have allowed Chinas exports have grown on average by 17% per year since 1978. This has been predominantly due to Western companies that have set up Multination corporations (MNCs) in China which account for a massive 54% of Chinas total exports. The value of Chinas exports grew by 30% per annum between 2003 and 2008 and exports now account for 35% of GDP. Much of the growth reflected the expansion in the processing of goods that have been imported from other countries which has become cheep and efficient to do through globalisation breaking down trade barriers between nation. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China remains a key driver of Chinese economic growth although capital flows eased during the GFC in 2008-9. Investment in China is mainly based around the secondary and tertiary sectors. Investment in urban areas as also increased significantly due to the rapid increase in urbanisation in China. China attracts record levels of FDI as companies shift production to china to take advantage of the cheap labour market. Chinas financial markets are still fairly primitive however China has one of the highest saving rates in the world. This is Largely due to rising incomes, but also due to the lack of a robust social safety net to protect citizens from changing economic circumstances such as unemployment and population ageing. The banking sector was only opened to foreign competition at the end of 2006. This forced Chinese anks to become strong and efficient so as to compete with the international banks. In making the banks more efficient, state owned enterprises also had to increase their efficiency as they no longer were allowed to take low cost loans that were running at a loss for the state bank. These economic developments coupled with increased prudential standards and the improvement of lending practices has allowed for savings to be allocated efficiently for investment purposes, to support medium term growth in the Chinese economy. Chinas impressive growth performance has not benefited all provinces equally as llustrated through the large geographic disparities in the distribution of income. Coastal areas have consistently experienced the fastest economic growth because they benefit from their proximity to the Special Economic Zones such as Shanghai and Shenzhen, where employment and income opportunities are the greatest. veraging 13%, which was five times the level in Chinas slowest growing north western regions (e. g. Tibet). China may be one of the few countries in the world performing well overall in the indicators for the Millennium Development Goals owever in income, education and health, only some parts of China will achieve these goals, leaving behind the vast inl and areas and particularly the western provinces. Chinas high rates of economic growth in the past decades have led to rapid resource use and environment degradation. A Chinese government study suggested that, unless pollution is controlled, by 2020 it will cause 600,000 premature deaths in urban areas and 20m cases of respiratory illnesses. The World Bank estimates that pollution alone costs China approx 10% of Chinas annual GDP, in direct damage to he environment, medical costs, lost output from respiratory illnesses, money spent on disaster relief and the implicit costs of the depletion of natural resources. In fact, in 2005 the endangered and much loved Chinese unicorn became extinct due to deforestation of their natural habitats. The Chinese government has begun to recognise and address the environmental problems that have emerged due to rapid growth and industrialisation. Targets have been set to reduce pollution levels and markets have been established for tradable emission permits which give firms an ncentive to keep pollution at a minimum. These economic developments will lead to higher economic growth and improvements in human development and living standards. Chinese government economic policy since 1978 to today has been a continual process of opening the economy up to market forces and embracing the potential benefits of globalisation. The current government is focusing on continuing economic development and social stability in China. The government has recently begun implemented a more than half a trillion dollar fiscal stimulus package to counter the conomic slowdown, boost domestic demand and prevent a rise in poverty. This economic slowdown of the Chinese economy, triggered by the Global Financial Crisis, and the need for such a large fiscal stimulus package displays how global influences can readily affect globalised economies. Overall Chinas economy has been impacted significantly by globalisation. As discussed, without Chinas exposure to globalisation it could not have sustained such high levels of growth and economically developed so much in such a short period of time. However the Chinese governments policy must see much reform before the conomic development can reach the levels of developed nations. For example Chinas environmental standards must be addressed as China now has the ten most polluted cities in the world causing premature deaths and millions of respiratory related illnesses. Other such issues that need to be addressed by the Chinese government if they want to continue to enjoy high levels of economic growth include development in infrastructure, commercial laws and regulations, social security reform, reform of the labour market, political instability and ecological sustainability.

Suleymaniye Mosque istanbul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Suleymaniye Mosque istanbul - Essay Example The edifice was the 7 years masterpiece work led by the Ottoman engineer, Mimar Sinan in the year 1550 to 1557. Mimar Sinan studied with great interest one of the model edifices, the Hagia Sophia Church. Hagia Sophia Church is the Byzantine church of Divine Wisdom which was used by the Ottomans as prayer house at the onset of occupancy in Turkey (Jackh, 1952; Turkey, 2006). However, the Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem constructed in 643 apparently set the primary standards of subsequent Mosque architectures in the Islamic sphere of influence (Hitchcock, Lloyd, Rice, Lynton, Boyd, and Carden, 1963). Departing from the four sided building of the Kaaba which was constructed by Abraham and Ysmael, peace is upon them, the Dome of the Rock Mosque is shape in a rotunda (Hitchcock et al., 1963) on top of the hill. During the Ottoman reign over Turkey, from 1288 to 1923, the organized sultanate took over properties which were left behind by the Byzantine monarchs. A few of these are the buildings with its arts and architecture. The structures as well as the adornments very well portrayed influences not only of Byzantine art but also from the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuks' ruled Turkey from 1071 to the 1300th's. The Seljuks' introduced some arts and architectural designs they must have picked up from Persia and Anatolia. Although some of the structures were refurbished from one set of colonizer to the next, some served as models for the construction of buildings that were called Ottoman Mosques (Hitchcock et al., 1963). Suleymaniye imperial Mosque is one of the legendary architectural model output that exist up to date. The Mosque was named after Suleiman the sultan of the era. The structure was adorned with 4 very prominent external minarets, dome shape roof, the prayer hall, iwan, sahn, and garden (Essential Architecture, Asia-West, 2009). The floor plan reveals a square architectural structure (Hitchcock et al., 1963). Source: Essential Architecture, Asia-West, 2009 Source: Title: World Architecture: An Illustrated History; Publisher

Detroit and municipal bankruptcy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Detroit and municipal bankruptcy - Research Paper Example This essay seeks to elaborate on why Detroit should pursue bankruptcy. Detroit filling of bankruptcy can follow the city’s current existing population record. According to the census record taken in 2012, Detroit hosts a population of around 700,000 residents. This number stipulates that the city stand among the highest populated cities in the state of Michigan (Rattner 15). The high population implies that the city requires relatively higher resources compared to other cities to sustain the residents within the area. Filling for bankruptcy suffices as a good course because it enables the city to maximize on the available resources from tax exemption policies within the enacted act’s provision. The unemployment rate in Detroit has elevated to significantly alarming records. Since the year 2000, the unemployment rates have changed tremendously. The high unemployment rate is evident around the metropolitan areas where it has risen by over 10% of the national average. Unemployment rate factor is directly inversed to other factors like the homicide rates within the city considering that Detroit has the highest homicide rate and is among the most dangerous cities in the United States of America. The judicial state within the city raises the significance of filing for bankruptcy. In the year 2014, only 8.5% of cases commenced were solved. This number compared to the 30.5% of the cases solved nationwide indicating that the judicial system requires redress. The security system in Detroit also begs for the filling of bankruptcy. In Detroit city, the response to the police calls averages 56 minutes compared to the 11 minutes nationwide. The faulty security and policing system in Detroit are attributive to the lack of resources. The fire trucks and police trucks conditions neglect is evident in that they are old and cannot work efficiently. Nevertheless, just like other

Market structure and the determination of market price Essay

Market structure and the determination of market price - Essay Example On the other hand, an imperfect market is characterized by regulations limits the number of individuals selling products or services (White and Fraley, n.d.). The pharmaceutical industry is a highly regulated industry hence it presents a great level of imperfect competition. The imperfect competition in the pharmaceutical industry is found on the supply side of the market. There are so many regulations that follow before the product is introduced in the market. The bigwigs in the industry have already overcome the regulations hence focus on changing trends in the in the market. New entrants will always face challenges. In order to ensure that these pharmaceuticals do not fix prices, governments facilitate the adoption of bilateral monopolies as well as do bargaining to ensure the prices are regulated (White and Fraley, n.d.) Increase in the number of producers as well as elimination of regulations will facilitate the shift in the supply curve. However, the demand curve can also be affected when individuals opt for alternative medicine. Firstly, removal of regulations can facilitate the increase in the number of producers hence the shift in the supply curve. Secondly, lack of government bargaining can result to the pharmaceuticals overpricing since the demand for pharmaceuticals is constant. Finally, Use of alternative medicine can result to a shift in the demand curve because the consumption of pharmaceutical products is reduced (Guha, Lacy and Woodhouse, 2008).. Guha, R., Lacy, A. M. and Woodhouse, S.(2008). Analyzing competition in the Pharmaceutical industry. Economics Committee Newsletter, Vol 8 No.1. Retrieved on 30 January 2014 from http://www.cornerstone.com/getattachment/5f41372f-11ac-4f45-9f27-45b1dad16444/Analyzing-Competition-in-the-Pharmaceutical-Indust.aspx White, R. F. and Fraley, S. (n.d). Imperfect competition, price fairness and the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Ethics, Vol 1, No 2. Retrieved on 30 January 2014 from

Overview of the Primary Health Care System in Hong Kong

Overview of the Primary Health Care System in Hong Kong Student name: MAN Ho Yan Introduction Hong Kong average life expectancy is one the longest city among the world, even longer than some developed countries such as America, Japan (Lee et al., 2016). According to the statistic provided by the Department of Health in 2016, the life expectancy of Hong Kong male and female are 81.2 and 87.3 respectively. The reason why Hong Kong is having this honor can be related to various factors. Generally speaking, more and more people have started to take care of their health. For example, they have a variety of food choice, buying food from many places with a relatively reasonable price. The Hong Kong government also pays lots of effort in health promotion, like encouraging people to do enough exercise per week and eat healthily with less oil, salt, sugar etc. Citizens are able to find this kind of health information easily through television, advertisements, or the Internet. In terms of policy making, Hong Kong government has set up regulations restricting smoking in Hong Kong. Smokin g in restricted area is prohibited, higher regulation in tobacco trading, as well as the advertisements of tobacco, posted or showed to the public. Together with the smoking cessation program provided by the government, the number of people smoke is kept decreasing throughout these years (Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, 2016). Nonetheless, another important factor that makes Hong Kong people can have the longest life expectancy in the world is due to Hong Kong has a comprehensive health care delivery system. Including both public and private health services, from out-patient clinic, specialist out-patient clinic, even in hospitalization, Hong Kong health care system has a high quality and high standard of health delivery service. With the advanced medical technology, all the Hong Kong citizens can enjoy the health service, no matter what kind of economic status of oneself. They can use the health service. Everyone will be provided with adequate health care services provided by all health criteria. As a result, Hong Kong citizens can have a higher chance to have a longer life expectancy. In the following paragraph, a brief overview of the current Hong Kong health care system will be discussed, followed by the discussion of one of the major roles of the whole system in Hong Kong, Primary Health Care, by looking at the working principles of the system and the services provided to the public. Last but not least, the health care system in Hong Kong though is comparatively perfect than other countries. There are some rooms of improvement, which will be discussed in the recommendation part. Hong Kong current Health Care System Nowadays the health care system in Hong Kong is running under a dual-track system, they are public and private sectors. These sectors deliver different services from primary, secondary and even tertiary care. Public health care sector is the core of the whole healthcare system, providing health services to all the citizens. In other words, the public healthcare sector is the basic system in maintaining the health of the community. On the other hand, private healthcare provides an alternative choice for citizens to choose (Ko, 2013). These services usually have a higher cost, but will provide a more accessible and relatively higher quality healthcare service than public healthcare service. If clients can afford the cost, they may choose private health care service according to their own desire (Kong, 2015). All public health care services in Hong Kong are regulated by the Food and Health Bureau, HKSAR. The major role of it is setting up policies and distributing resources to public healthcare services to operate and providing service for the community (HKSAR, 2016). Under the regulation of Food and Health Bureau, there are two more departments in providing different kinds of public health care services. The Department of Health is responsible for the management of public health like Chest Clinics, Student Health Services Centre, Maternal and Child Health Centres etc. The Hospital Authority is responsible for the management of public hospitals, for instance, public hospitals, general out-patient clinics, special out-patient clinics (HKSAR, 2016). Private health care service, involve mainly hospital services, such as private hospitals, private practitioners, and private Chinese practitioners. All the private hospitals, private medical clinics are regulated by the Department of Health, and they should obey the Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Maternity Home Registration Ordinance (Cap. 165) and the Medical Clinics Ordinance (Cap. 343) (HKSAR, 2010). 3. Primary Health Care Services Primary health care is an important category in the health care system since it helps to maintain the health of the community, the work should be done effectively and comprehensively. This is because primary health care is the first step of contact between patients with their family members and health professional (WHO, 2008). Generally speaking, primary health care aims to prevent any disease occur in the early stage, as well as improve personal health condition. These kinds of actions can help in lower the opportunity of suffering diseases and thus, reduce the needs of a high level of health care like that more intensive health care. The whole health expenditure can be reduced for both the client oneself and also the whole health care system (HKSAR, 2008). A proper and effective development of primary health care system can benefit the use of resources and their allocation to another part of the system. For example, primary health care for elderly, treatment on long-term disease et c. 3.1 Current Primary Heath Care Service in Hong Kong Being the first contact point of the health care, primary health care does include health promotion, patient-based health care, disease prevention, and medicine care. In Hong Kong, primary health care services are mainly provided by the private family doctors, public health care sectors will integrate with those private health care sectors to provide different dimension of specialist and hospital services. However, patients have to pay for all of the cost to the private health care services. Public health sectors its own will provide general out-patient clinics, for those who cannot afford the cost of private primary health service (HKSAR, 2010). The Department of Health functions various public activities for community care. With the working principle of protecting the health of the whole community and the population, Department of Health will bring along with disease surveillance, communicable diseases control among the community, public health regulation as well as licensing, impl ement different kinds of health measures, such as tobacco control etc. (HKSAR, 2010). In order to provide a comprehensive health care, different discipline or health care professionals should work together, including general practitioners, nurses, Chinese medicine practitioners, and related health care professionals and health care providers among the community. Early in 1990, the Working Party on Primary Health Care established a report, to have a comprehensive examination of the primary health care system in Hong Kong, as well as recommending the strategies in order to strengthen the system. Since then, different primary health care services started to be established. For example, in 1994, the Woman Health Service has been set up. Introduce health service for women who aged 64 or below. In 1995, the Student Health Service has been established, which give general medical checkup, health promotion etc. for primary and secondary students. Elderly Health Service was established in 1998, providing preventive care, giving support on elderly centres and elderly homes (Food and Health Bureau, 2010). Throughout the years, more and more primary health care services have been organised or being reformed. In October 2008, a reform of the Working Group on Primary Care has been established by the Health and Medical Development Advisory Committee and operated by the Secretary of the Food and Health Bureau (Food and Health Bureau, 2010). The working group is mainly on providing advice on critical development for primary care. Several working tasks have been set up by the group including establishing primary health care conceptual models and related framework protocols, constructing the Primary Care Directory, and recommending an effective primary health care service delivery model (HKSAR, 2010). All these working principles are aiming at enhancing primary health care service in Hong Kong. The group is composed of both representatives of public and private sectors, for instance, patients group, health professionals, health administrators, and related stakeholders. Regarding the working principles, the primary health care conceptual model and protocol is targeting on the conceptual models and guidelines on hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus for the use of health care professionals. Primary Care Directory is a program set up by the Primary Care Office, which is under the regulation of the Department of Health, established in 2010. This program aims at supporting and coordinating primary health care service development in Hong Kong, establishing primary health care developing strategies and operation. The Directory is operated by different health professionals, health administrators, and related stakeholders from the Food and Health Bureau. In order to have a better co-operation between various disciplines, and to ensure they have relevant professional knowledge to develop primary health care system (Primary Care Office, 2017). The government will also help in training primary health care providers and collaborate with the Directory and those health professionals. The public can assess to the Primary Care Directory to search for their own primary health care providers according to their health needs. In terms of community health networks, the Government will propose projects based on the conceptual models and consultation with the health care professionals, health care providers, public and private health care sectors, non-governmental organizations, and local universities. Aims at setting up localized health centre, provide a comprehensive and coordinate primary health care service to the community. 3.2 Primary Health Care for Elderly Aging population in Hong Kong is a serious problem, according to the statistic provided by the Census and Statistic Department in 2015, it is estimated that in mid-2024, 22% of the Hong Kong citizens are aged over 65 and over 65. Nonetheless, the number of elderly will keep increasing in the following years. 20 years later in 2044, the population rate for those aged 65 and over will become 31%. More elderly will have an effect on the labor workforce, more workers are needed to support those retired elderly (Tollefson, 2015). The increase of number of elderly also will affect to the health care system. Normally, elderly will have a higher chance of developing chronic disease due to the decrease on the body mechanism. As a result, they will use health services more often. The government has to put more resources in maintaining the health of this population. For example, health promotion, more resources to the hospitals in curing the chronic disease, ensuring all the functional ability etc. (Sin et al., 2015). A comprehensive primary health care framework is therefore needed to be established in order to relieve the pressure of the medical services and also the whole health care system in a long-term, to achieve a sustainable development. Primary health care in elderly is served as a preventive measure, a better control of the chronic disease etc. The services usually provided by the private family doctors. They will give health related information to the elderly, having risk assessment, and follow-up medication (Sin et al., 2015). The supportive measures not only help the elderly, but their family members also gain benefit from it. They can spend less time and money in paying for the health care service. 4. Recommendations 4.1 Allocation of the manpower As mentioned, most of the tasks are performed by the Department of Health, the health professionals, like doctors, nurses, even the Secretary of the Food and Health Bureau is come from a medical background. The workload of the health professionals, especially those who work in hospitals, is very high. In fact, they almost need to perform all the tasks. There is not enough manpower to take care of a huge amount of clients every day. From paper work or even the driver of the ambulance are all health professionals. The government should revise of the job allocation in hospitals or related work field, to lower the workload of the health professionals, and thus, have a better working performance to provide a higher quality of health care to the clients. 4.2 Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Nowadays in Hong Kong is mainly use conventional medicine as medical treatment. Although it still has its effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapy is an alternative way that can be used in public primary health care service. CAM therapy refers to an approach using together with western medicine, focusing on the treatment of a whole person (Mayo Clinic, 2014). The Hong Kong Baptist Hospital is one of the hospitals that provide Chinese Medicine medication. However, the use of CAM therapy is not quite common in public health care sectors, most of the therapies are provided by the private sector. Therefore it is suggested that the Government can build up or set up clinics that mainly use CAM therapy for primary health care, letting those who cannot afford the high cost of private health care sector. A combination of CAM therapy and traditional medicine lower the use of main hospital resources and as a result, a better resource allocation. 4.3 A Balance between public and private health care sectors As mentioned by Griffiths (2012), private sector is the major provider of primary health care, around 70% of it is provided by family doctor, private clinics etc. Moreover, there are more and more private clinics being established, since the practitioners want to have more economic income. Therefore, the two sectors can cooperate with each other, such as the General Outpatient Clinic Public Private Partnership is one of the ways to solve this problem (Cheung, 2015). Even clients whenever use the private health care service can enjoy a lower cost if they are transferred from the public sector. This can lower the workload and the number of clients in public sectors, and also the clients can have a relatively better quality of primary health care service. The Government shall implements effective and comprehensive strategies between public and private health care sectors. 5. Conclusion Being the longest life expectancy among the world, it is no doubt that Hong Kong has several of advantages owing to this result. As mentioned from the above, the quality and standard of the health care system in Hong Kong is higher than many developed countries. This plays an important role for community health development. Primary health care system is the first step for the medical treatment between clients and medical providers. Therefor an effective and comprehensive primary health care system is essential. This can lower the time spending on medical treatment afterwards. The resources using in the system can be reallocate. However the whole still has some problems, government should cooperate with public and private health care sector in order to implement an effective policy for providing adequate medical service to the community. 6. References Census and Statistics Department. (2015). Hong Kong Population Projections. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B1120015062015XXXXB0100.pdf Cheung, W.L. (2015). Public Private Partnership. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www3.ha.org.hk/ppp/homepage.aspx?lang=eng Food and Health Bureau. (2010). My Health My Choice: Healthcare Reform Second Stage Consultation Document. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.myhealthmychoice.gov.hk/pdf/consultation_full_eng.pdf Food and Health Bureau. (2010). Our partner for better health: Primary Care Development in Hong Kong: Strategy Document. Hong Kong: HKSAR. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/press_and_publications/otherinfo/101231_primary_care/e_strategy_doc.pdf Griffiths, S.M. Lee, J.P.M. (2012). Developing primary care in Hong Kong: evidence into practice and the development of reference frameworks. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 18(5), 429-434. Hong Kong Baptist Hospital (n.d.). Chinese Medicine Clinic. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.hkbh.org.hk/eng/hospital_service_chinese_medicine_clinic.php HKASR. (2008). Appendix B: Hong Kongs Current Healthcare System. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.fhb.gov.hk/beStrong/files/consultation/appendixb_eng.pdf HKSAR. (2010). Appendix C: Hong Kongs Current Private Healthcare Sector. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.myhealthmychoice.gov.hk/pdf/appendixC_eng.pdf HKSAR. (2016). Overview of the Health Care System in Hong Kong. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/health/hosp/overview.htm Ko, W.M. (2013). HK healthcare is a dual-track system. Retrieved 27 March from: http://archive.news.gov.hk/en/record/html/2013/04/20130409_190409.shtml Kong, X.Y., Yang, Y., Gao, J., Guan, J., Liu, Y., Wang, R.Z., Xing, B., Li., Y.N. Ma, W. B. (2015). Overview of the health care system in Hong Kong and its referential significance to mainland China. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 78, 569-573. Lee, D. Cheah, S. (2016). Hong Kong women and men enjoy worlds longest life expectancy due to low smoking rates, health experts claim. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1995947/hong-kong-women-and-men-enjoy-worlds-longest-life Mayo Clinic. (2014). Complementary and alternative medicine. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/alternative-medicine/art-20045267 Sin, C.K.L, Fu, S.N., Tsang, C.S.H., Tsui,W.W.S. Chan, F.H.W. (2015). Prevention in primary care is better than cure: The Hong Kong Reference Framework for Preventive Care for Older Adults translating evidence into practice. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 21(4), 353-359. Tollefson, E. (2015, November 25). Hong Kong has a problem with population ageing, rather than an elderly problem. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1883166/hong-kong-has-problem-population-ageing-rather-elderly World Health Organization. (2008). The World Health Report 2008 Primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever). Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/ Hong Kong Baptist Hospital (n.d.). Chinese Medicine Clinic. Retrieved 27 March from: http://www.hkbh.org.hk/eng/hospital_service_chinese_medicine_clinic.php

Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers

Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book. An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher. The book begins with Krishna mulling over â€Å"a sense of something missing†. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to â€Å"Nature† by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river. Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an â€Å"overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor† when he makes his way to class. When Krishna reaches class late he â€Å"decides† to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself â€Å"These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.†(pg 13) This proves that the boys’ in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi... Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book. An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher. The book begins with Krishna mulling over â€Å"a sense of something missing†. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to â€Å"Nature† by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river. Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an â€Å"overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor† when he makes his way to class. When Krishna reaches class late he â€Å"decides† to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself â€Å"These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.†(pg 13) This proves that the boys’ in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi...

Analyzing Legal Alien Essay

For many years now people have judged one another based on characteristics and family background. Some judge based on skin color, race, where your family has come from, and how you came about. â€Å"Legal Alien/ Extranjera Legal† by Pat Mora gives a very realistic message of how it can feel to be a mexican american and to be seen as a ‘legal alien’. To feel not wanted by either side, and to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different,/ viewed by mexicans as alien. This here, is a perfect example of the way Mora feels about being judged and seen as an alien and her interesting use of diction, metaphors and similes. I think the tone Mora has is one of somebody who feels like an outsider, due to being judge by the people who surround her daily. Moras choice of diction in the first four lines is very interesting and has continued to interest me throughout the poem. Diction is a writer or speakers choice of words. Mora’s diction lets you know a lot about the poems meaning and also about the speaker or the character right away. Mora chooses to tell it back and forth, from one side to another, but mainly from two different points of view. Being seen as an american and also being seen as a mexican. I believe Mora is telling this poem in her own point of view, as if she is the character. Mora starts by off saying â€Å"bi-lingual, bi-cultural† line one. That alone can be interpreted as the speaker or the character is able to speak and understand two languages. It also means she can participate in both of their cultures as well. Mora follows the first line up by enforcing her meaning with â€Å" able to slip from ‘how’s life? to ‘ me’stan volviendo loca. †( this means they’re driving me crazy in spanish. ) Lines two and three. Moras choice of diction here is interesting because she makes it sound like she lives two completely separate lifes as if they could not be mixed together. Mora writes â€Å"able to sit in a paneled office/ drafting memos in smooth english/ able to order in fluent spanish/ at a mexican restaurant† Lines five through seven, really show how she lives both sides and experiences them both separately from one another. It also shows that she fits in and seems as if she really isn’t different from any of the others. In lines eight through ten Mora uses more of her interesting diction. â€Å"american but hyphenated/ viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † ‘American but hyphenated’ highlights the point that although she is part american, she is still different because she is not a full american. There is more than that though, and thats exactly why she is seen differently from both sides. Either way she is more than that so she is seen different and that is Moras overall message. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † supports that she is viewed as an outsider from both sides. Mora also uses inferior. Which has a strong meaning to it. Inferior means: lower in rank, status, or quality. Mora uses the word exotic which also sends a very clear message of how she is viewed. Exotic means to originate in or characteristic of a distant foreign country, so her choice of words completely supports her overall message of what it can feel like to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. Mora even uses a very simple but clear simile. â€Å"viewed by mexicans as an alien. † She states that the mexicans, the other half of her ancestors race, also see her as an alien, as an outsider. Different from them because she has american blood to even though the rest of her blood is made up of that of the same as theirs. She still is not the same in there eyes. They refer to her as an alien because they believe that. â€Å"(their eyes say, ‘you may speak/ spanish but you’re not like me’)† lines twelve and thirteen, support the fact that all though she is similar, she is not seen like them. Moras choice of diction is interesting here because she is writing what she knows they want to say but won’t always will but also what some do imply using different words. There eyes make her feel different like an outcast not wanted by anybody. The way they find hers and judge her so quickly, so harshly. Mora again supports that she is viewed as an outsider, a ‘legal alien’ by following that up with lines fourteenth and fifteenth. â€Å"an american to mexicans/ A mexican to americans. † These two lines have a strong meaning, and also supports the way she feels, nobody wanted her. She did not belong to either because they judged her based on the other half of her race. the other half of who she is. When in all reality race should not matter, should not affect one’s judgement. Somebodys race makes them no better nor no worse than the next person. Moras next two lines sixteen and seventeen, have a strong meaning and the use of a metaphor. â€Å"a handy token/ sliding back and forth. † She is referring to herself or her character as a ‘hand token’, which I would assume is a metaphor that symbolizes that she slides back and forth between what feels like two completely different worlds just trying to fit in. To be seen for who she truly is. â€Å"between the fringes of both worlds. † Mora now very matter of factly states that to her or her character those lives are two different worlds completely. It also supports that she does not mix them together very much. In the next line Mora chooses to show an emotion in a way. I believe Mora chooses to wait so long before putting a real emotion into her character so you and I, as the readers could really understand what it is like to be mexican american and judged constantly and in general. â€Å"by smiling† line nineteen. Mora follows up the short but to the point line nineteen, with using very strong diction. â€Å"by masking the discomfort† (line twenty) is a strong phrase alone and already says a lot. ‘Masking discomfort’ means that the speaker or character masks how discomfortable being judged can be. How hard it can be to cope with and that says the speaker or the character is very strong, to hide something like that simply by smiling when it has most likely gone on for years. But also a devastating effect. â€Å"of being pre-judged/ bi-laterally. † line twenty. Mora ends her poem with one, very strong meaningful word. Bi-laterally means by both sides. Mora is saying ‘being pre-judged by both sides’. Both races that make her up as a whole, pre-judging her before they got the chance to know her. People judge one another all the time based off their clothes, and much much more. But to judge somebody due to their race or heritage, things they have no control over, thats not right. Its one thing to judge based on how they project themselves but it is not right to judge based on something out of their control either. I think that Moras choice of diction, metaphors, and similes really support her feelings of being judged and seen as a ‘legal alien’. â€Å"Legal Alien’/Extranjera Legal† gives a very realistic and strong message of how it can feel to be viewed as an alien by the people that surround you and are in your life like the people you work with. Mora’s character knows how it feels to be not wanted nor accepted by either side, and to be judged on the origins of her ancestors and her race. Mora uses strong diction throughout this poem with her interesting choice of how she uses her words. â€Å"perhaps exotic, perhaps inferior, definitely different,† Her choice of diction has a strong effect on the message itself. Moras use of similes is interesting to because she says â€Å"viewed by mexicans as alien†, she very clearly says they compare her to an alien and that as a very great impact to. Mora also uses metaphors in her writing in an interesting way, she refers to herself as ‘a handy token/ sliding back and forth’, to symbolize how it feels to not be accepted and to be judged. Many people could relate to this poem whether they are judged on their race, on their upbringing, on their clothes, and many more factors. Being pre-judged is a major problem in society today and is all around us constantly. Some are not lucky enough to escape it, but are capable of understanding the bigger picture in the message behind this poem.

Comapring Japan and Thailand essays

Comapring Japan and Thailand essays Thailand and Japan are two countries situated in the Australian, Asian and Pacific (A.A.P) region. There are many similarities and differences in their physical and human geographies. Japan is an archipelago of 3900 mountainous islands with a total land size of 377 835km2. Located in East Asia along the 'Pacific Ring of Fire' Japan ranges from North 50 30I to 210 and East 970 3I to 1030 3I. In contrast, Thailand is a larger country with a total landmass of 511 770km2. It is located in South East Asia on the Indo-China and Malayan peninsula. Thailands landmass ranges from 70 5I to 200 5I North and 970 to 105o 41 East. Thailand has a tropical climate that experiences monsoonal influences, whereas Japan has a diverse climate, ranging from sub-tropical in the south to alpine conditions on the elevated peaks. Japan has an aging population, which is twice the size of Thailand's. 90% of Japans 126 million people live on only 20% of its dry land. Dissimilarly, Thailands population is more ev enly spread with a distribution of 117 persons per km2. Japan is a More Developed country (M.D.C) with a GNP per capita of US$34 500, which makes it Asia most affluent country. Japan Economy relies on services and high technology industries. Thailand is a Less-Developed country (L.D.C) with a GNP per capita of US$8 800. Thailands population relies more on a subsistence way of life. In fact 75% of its inhabitants making their living from farming. Japan is an island archipelago with over 3900 islands. The four main islands, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku stretch for over 3 800 kilometres. The country situated on the edge of large tectonic plates which are constantly moving providing an unpredictable countryside. The Pacific Ocean, Sea of Japan, Korea Strait and the East China Sea surround the Japanese archipelago. Unlike Japan, Thailand is not a group of islands, it is however a larger country with a land area of 511 770k...

The Tragedy of Richard III essays

The Tragedy of Richard III essays "The tragedy of Richard III lies in the progressive isolation of From the very opening of the play when Richard III enters "solus", the protagonist's isolation is made clear. Richard's isolation progresses as he separates himself from the other characters and breaks the natural bonds between Man and nature through his efforts to gain power. The first scene of the play begins with a soliloquy, which emphasizes Richard's physical isolation as he appears alone as he speaks to the audience. This idea of physical isolation is heightened by his references to his deformity, such as "rudely stamp'd...Cheated of feature by Dissembling Nature, deformed, unfinished. This deformity would be an outward indication to the audience of the disharmony from Nature and viciousness of his spirit. As he hates "the idle pleasures of these days" and speaks of his plots to set one brother against another, Richard seems socially apart from the figures around him, and perhaps regarded as an outsider or ostracized because of his deformity. His separation from is family is emphasized when he says "Dive, thought's down to my soul" when he sees his brother approaching. He is unable to share his thought with his own family as he is plotting against them. Thus, we are given hints of his physical, social and spiritual isolation which is developed throughout the play. But despite these hints, he still refers to himself as part of the House of York, shown in the repeated use of "Our". The concept of Richard's physical isolation is reinforced in his dealings with Anne in Act I scene ii. She calls him "thou lump of foul deformity" and "fouler toad" during their exchange. Despite these insults, she still makes time to talk to Richard, and by the end of their exchange, she has taken his ring and been "woo'd" by him. After Richard has successfully gained the throne, he isolates himsel...

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals Essay

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals - Essay Example The stakeholder and societal implications were all negatively reflected towards that corporation and Mozilo himself. This is because the stakeholders of the company both primary and secondary lost faith in its operation. The secondary stakeholders were bitter and castigated the role of Mozilo in the subprime mortgage crisis. The stakeholder lost the trust they had in the corporation as the next few days the Country Financial was on the national spotlight concerning the friends of Angelo. The societal implications are that the Country Financial lost its entire business acumen in a single fault. It was now associated with many fraud and corruption on a large scale. Mozilo compensation had earlier come under scrutiny. Angelo Mozilo was charged by the U.S. Exchange and Securities Commission with securities fraud and insider trading. This made the societal implication on the corporation lead to tarnishing of the company’s name. Also, it led to the nationwide problem with the mortga ge crisis and this had adverse societal implications. It negatively affected the mortgage sector. The source of those scandals The source of the scandal can be termed as improper assessment on the part of the auditors. Additionally, there has been separation of ownership and management for corporations. This is strategically seen in that the management that was supposed to oversee the actions of the chief executive officer Angelo Mozilo was not working. This management is obviously the United States government that was actually working with the culprits in establishment of these particular noncompetitive rates at the well known Countrywide Financial. There...This has gone on to be a major problem since the level of control by politicians on leaders and presidents of large companies is overwhelming. This in the end of the day makes the managers, CEOs and the chief executives like Angelo seem weaker and puppet to these politicians. This makes them to go cahoots with them since they do not have a choice or the deals are very sweet. This should be limited thoroughly by the use of legislation and policies that are relevant and applicable with this particular matter. The degree of this fraud crime was very colossal. Angelo Mozilo was charged fines that amounted to $67.5 million and was forced to accept a lifetime ban. This ban was implemented so that he will never serve as a director or officer of any public or private company. This is a meager settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission since he is one of the people responsible directly for the 2008 financial crisis. He should have been jailed without any chances of parole so as to teach the rest of the CEOs and the directors of public companies not to repeat the same mistake again. Civil settlements should not have been applied in this scenario. This is because the event of the $67.5 million settlement saw to it that $20 million was paid by Countrywide Financial. This is because there was an indemnification agreement that existed between Countrywide Financial and Angelo’s employment contract.

Analysis of Advanced Criminalistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Advanced Criminalistics - Assignment Example This is however not the case, the real suspect had left fingerprints on the very saliva that he spoke onto and DNA testing would have indicated otherwise. Finally, the clerk was not aware of what was going on at the time of the robbery. The asserted that the only thing he could remember was someone who had clothes that resembled those of the customer and the front end of the gunpoint. In other words, the suspect had planted samples with the customers DNA without the prior knowledge of the clerk. People can be implicated in a crime based on their DNA. Claims have shown that DNA composition is unique on every person except in twins. In case a crime has happened and between two twins, one was involved and later fled to a distance place. The other twin will be implicated to have been involved in the crime. Furthermore, DNA is a chemical compound and is bound to mutations and change (Porada & Straus, 2001). Some tests done on DNA’s of people have errors and when used as evidence, may lead to arresting of a person who was not necessarily a perpetrator of the crime. Finally, scientists can fabricate DNA of one person resembles the DNA of another person. In such instances, when scientist fabricates DNA obtained from saliva or blood samples of a particular crime scene, they put people whose DNA matches the fabricated DNA, at risk of implication. Identification of the source of the DNA should always be made. This is because some of these detectable levels have errors and some of them are based on truth. Also, most of the detectable levels rely on probability and as a result, they do not give concrete evidence that someone was involved in a crime and that is why identification of the DNA source should be made. In the case of Samantha death and identification of Alejandro Avila, DNA identification played a major role (Raymond, 2002). DNA found on Samantha’s dead body was compared to DNA found on the car of Avila and they were found to be identical.